外泌体在肿瘤细胞与TAMs之间相互作用中“桥梁”和调控作用的研究进展

外泌体是一类直径为30~100 nm的圆盘囊泡,其内包含许多组分,诸如复杂RNA和蛋白质等,主要参与细胞间的信号转导。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)是肿瘤微环境中普遍存在的巨噬细胞,通过对肿瘤生长、免疫逃逸、侵袭和转移、耐药性等多方面的作用影响肿瘤进程。外泌体在肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的招募、极化及抗肿瘤免疫调控等方面发挥着重要的调节功能。同时,TAMs以外泌体为媒介作用于肿瘤细胞,从而构成了外泌体、TAMs与肿瘤细胞之间相互作用的调控通路。综上所述,本文旨在阐明肿瘤细胞与TAMs之间,以外泌体为“桥梁”相互影响的潜在机制,以及靶向肿瘤细胞和TAMs来源的外泌体在恶性肿瘤治疗中的展望。

Advances in the "bridge" and regulatory roles of exosomes in the interactions between tumor cells and TAMs

Exosomes are a type of disc vesicles with a diameter of 30~100 nm,which contain many components,such as complex RNA and proteins,which are mainly involved in signal transduction between cells.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) are ubiquitous macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.They affect tumor progression through multiple effects on tumor growth,immune escape,invasion and metastasis,and drug resistance.Exosomes play important regulatory functions in tumor-associated macrophage recruitment,polarization and anti-tumor immune regulation.At the same time,TAMs exosomes act as mediators on tumor cells,thus constituting a regulatory pathway for the interaction between exosomes,TAMs and tumor cells.To sum up,this article aims to clarify that exosomes act as a "bridge" between tumor cells and TAMs to influence each other,and the prospect of targeting tumor cells-derived and TAMs-derived exosomes in the treatment of malignant tumors.