新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗上市前疫苗犹豫情况及相关影响因素研究

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫苗上市前的疫苗犹豫发生情况及相关影响因素,为在疫苗上市早期采取针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 自行设计调查问卷并通过网络发放,比较疫苗犹豫者和接受者在社会人口学信息、对新冠肺炎的认知情况、对疫苗的一般性认知情况,以及信心、自满和便利性等维度的差异。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归方法分析新冠肺炎疫苗犹豫的相关影响因素。 结果 在收到的406份有效答卷中,疫苗完全接受者171人(42.1%)、犹豫者211人(52.0%)、完全拒绝者24人(5.9%)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,降低疫苗犹豫的因素包括调查对象的健康状况(慢性病 vs. 健康,OR=4.415,95%CI:1.176~16.574)、接种时间便利(OR=2.262,95%CI:1.625~3.147)、对疫苗安全性的信任(OR=2.188,95%CI:1.493~3.206)、医务工作者自身接种行为(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.174~2.682)、医务工作者对于疫苗的中立态度(OR=1.635,95%CI:1.139~2.349)、广告宣传(OR=1.613,95%CI:1.102~2.361)、接种后出行便利(OR=1.400,95%CI:1.034~1.897),增强疫苗犹豫的因素为自觉低感染风险(OR=0.630,95%CI:0.477~0.832)。 结论 加强对健康人群的疫苗宣传力度、增加接种点的服务时间、强调疫苗的安全性、提高医务工作者的接种率、通过多种媒体进行宣传、适当推出接种后的出行便利政策、以及强调目前存在的感染风险等,是降低新冠肺炎疫苗犹豫可能的干预措施。

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy before marketing and its related influencing factors

Objective To investigate the hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination before marketing and its related determinants so as to provide a scientific basis for specific countermeasures of vaccine hesitancy in the early stage. Methods An Internet survey with a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to make comparisons between the fully accepted and the hesitant in the aspects of social demographic profile, knowledge about COVID-19, general knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine, and dimensions like confidence, complacency and convenience. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the related factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Of 406 valid questionnaires received, the fully accepted, the hesitant and the fully refused were 171 (42.1%), 211 (52.0%) and 24 (5.9%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis showed that factors bringing down the vaccine hesitancy were the health status of respondents(having a chronic disease vs. being healthy, OR=4.415, 95%CI:1.176-16.574), convenience of vaccination time (OR=2.262, 95%CI:1.625-3.147), confidence of the vaccine safety (OR=2.188, 95%CI:1.493-3.206), vaccination of health care providers (OR=1.775, 95%CI:1.174-2.682), health care providers’ neutral attitude towards the vaccine (OR=1.635, 95%CI:1.139-2.349), propaganda and advertisement (OR=1.613, 95%CI:1.102-2.361), and convenience of travel after vaccination (OR=1.400, 95%CI:1.034-1.897), while the factor that enhanced the vaccine hesitancy was perception of low infection risk (OR=0.630, 95%CI:0.477-0.832). Conclusion Enhancing publicity of the vaccine among healthy people, extending service hours of vaccination sites, emphasizing safety of the vaccine, improving the vaccine coverage of health care providers, publicizing through a variety of media, launching policies of travel convenience after vaccination, and stressing the risk of infection at present are possible countermeasures to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.