农村居民艾滋病歧视态度和行为的影响因素分析

目的分析农村居民对艾滋病感染者歧视态度和行为的影响因素，为制定和完善消除艾滋病歧视的政策或策略提供依据。方法分别在襄樊市襄城区和南漳县随机抽取2个村，每个村采取入户调查的方式随机调查50名村民，共收回有效问卷196份。数据分析方法包括秩和检验和Logistic多元回归分析。结果被调查对象的艾滋病一般知识知晓率与其对艾滋病感染者的态度相关（r=0．2916，P〈0．01），但是与相关行为无关。艾滋病传播途径相关知识知晓与态度相关（r=0．4444，P〈0．01），与行为也相关（r=0．3525，P〈0．01）。对艾滋病感染者的态度与其相关行为呈现相关（r=0．6523，P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析显示，传播途径知识知晓率、性别和婚姻状况是艾滋病歧视态度的影响因素，而影响歧视行为的因素为传播途径知识知晓率。结论艾滋病传播途径知识知晓率与艾滋病歧视态度和行为密切相关，在消除艾滋病歧视的策略制定上，要特别关注对艾滋病传播途径和非传播途径的宣传教育，从而减少艾滋病歧视现象。

Analysis on the factors influencing attitudes and practices related to HIV/AIDS discrimination among rural inhabitants

Objective To analyze the factors influencing attitudes and practices related to HIV/AIDS discrimination among rural inhabitants and provide basis for making policy or strategy of eliminating HIV/AIDS discrimination. Methods The investigation was conducted in Xiangcheng District of Xiangfan City and Nanzhang County, and 2 villages in each city were randomly selected and 50 persons in each village were visited, finally 196 questionnaires were utilized for analysis. The data were analyzed by using rank sum test and Logistic regression. Results The awareness of general knowledge was correlated to attitude （r = 0. 2916, P 〈 0. 01 ）, but not to practice. The awareness of knowledge on transmitted routes was not only correlated to attitude （r = 0. 4444, P 〈 0. 01 ）, but also to practice （ r = 0. 3525, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Meanwhile, there was correlation between attitude and practice （ r = 0. 6523, P 〈 0. 01 ）. It was showed from Logistic regression that the awareness of knowledge on transmitted routes, gender and marital status were related to the attitude, and the most important factor influencing the practice was the awareness of knowledge on transmitted routes. Conclusion The awareness of knowledge on transmitted routes is closely related to attitudes and practices related to HIV/AIDS discrimination. When making related policy or strategy, health education on HIV transmitted routes should be paid more or special attention to reduce or eliminate HIV/AIDS discrimination.