One- or two-operator techniques for oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy in unsedated patients: A comparative prospective randomized study

BackgroundThe standard oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy procedure is performed with a single endoscopist (SE). Nurse-assisted (NA) oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopies have not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an NA endoscopy compared to an SE endoscopy.MethodsA prospective, single-center, randomized trial, in which 500 adult patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, patients underwent an endoscopy with an SE. In the second group, the endoscopy was performed with an NA. The ease of the procedure (scores 1–4; 1 difficult, 2 satisfactory, 3 easy, 4 very easy), evaluation of patient satisfaction (scores 1–4; 1 uncomfortable, 2 satisfactory, 3 comfortable, 4 very comfortable), total time of the procedure and vocal cord observation were determined as quality indicators.ResultsMean patient satisfaction scores in groups 1 and 2 were 2.98 ± 0.79 and 3.11 ± 0.78, respectively (p = 0.043), with uncomfortable ratings in 5.2% vs 4%, satisfactory in 16.8% vs 13.2%, comfortable in 53.2% vs 50.4%, and very comfortable in 24.8% vs 32.4% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Retching rates during the procedure were 54.4% and 45.2% (p = 0.040) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. No differences were seen in vocal cord observation (54.4% vs 56.0%), total procedure time (2.35 ± 1.56 vs 2.41 ± 1.48 min) and easy score (3.26 ± 0.603 vs 3.25 ± 0.64) in groups 1 and 2 for the procedures. Very easy, easy, satisfactory, and difficult ratings were given by 33.6% vs 34.8%, 60.4% vs 56.4%, 4.8% vs 7.6% and 1.2% vs 1.2% of groups 1 and 2, respectively.ConclusionsCompared with the conventional method, the assisted endoscopic technique provides more comfort and less gag reflex without increasing the processing time or difficulty of performing the procedure.