脱细胞基质水凝胶促组织再生的研究进展

脱细胞基质水凝胶是组织或器官通过物理、化学和酶解等手段去除其细胞的内容物,只保留细胞骨架结构和细胞外基质等成分,以实现促细胞黏附、增殖和分化并为其生长创造良好微环境的天然高分子生物材料。近年来,由于其良好的细胞相容性、生物可降解性和诱导组织再生能力,脱细胞基质水凝胶在组织修复、再生医学领域备受关注。首先,介绍该水凝胶的基本特点和材料特性,包括其内部的组成成分和结构、组织特异性以及潜在的免疫排斥反应;然后,从细胞水平的培养、临床前的研究和临床上的应用等三方面,重点阐述脱细胞基质水凝胶在组织工程学中的研究应用;最后,展望脱细胞基质材料运用的优势和需要克服的缺陷。总之,作为构建工程化组织以及修复组织缺损的新型生物活性材料,脱细胞基质水凝胶具有广阔的应用前景。

Research Progress of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel on Facilitating Tissue Regeneration

Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels derived from natural tissues and organs are generally removing cellular components while leaving the native ECM composition and structure via combining physical, chemical and enzymatic approaches to obtain polymeric biomaterials that possess the capability for creating a superior microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Recently, the application of ECM hydrogel for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has gained increasing attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and tissue regeneration ability. The present review firstly introduced the basic characteristics and material properties of these ECM hydrogels, the content included their internal composition and structure, tissue specificity and potential immune rejection. Following contents focused on the application of the hydrogels in tissue engineering from three aspects, including the cell culture investigation, preclinical research and clinical translation in disease models. Finally, further advantages of utilizing ECM hydrogels on tissue regeneration and their shortcomings were discussed. In conclusion, as a naturally derived proteinaceous biomaterial, ECM hydrogel holds a bright prospect for constructing engineered tissue and repairing tissue defects.