j. National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan;k. National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan;l. Iwate Prefectural Ninohe Public Health Center, Iwate, Japan;m. Akita Prefectural Yokote Public Health Center, Akita, Japan;n. Nagano Prefectural Saku Public Health Center, Nagano, Japan;o. Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Public Health Center, Okinawa, Japan;p. Katsushika Public Health Center, Tokyo, Japan;q. Ibaraki Prefectural Mito Public Health Center, Ibaraki, Japan;r. Niigata Prefectural Kashiwazaki and Nagaoka Public Health Center, Niigata, Japan;s. Kochi Prefectural Chuo-higashi Public Health Center, Kochi, Japan;t. Nagasaki Prefectural Kamigoto Public Health Center, Nagasaki, Japan;u. Okinawa Prefectural Miyako Public Health Center, Okinawa, Japan;v. Osaka Prefectural Suita Public Health Center, Osaka, Japan;w. Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan;x. Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels Akita, Akita, Japan;y. University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;z. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan;11. National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan;12. Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan;13. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;14. National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;15. Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;16. Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan;1g. Niigata University, Niigata, Japan;1h. Sagami Women''s University, Kanagawa, Japan;1i. Saku General Hospital, Nagano, Japan;1j. Sakihae Institute, Gifu, Japan;1k. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan;1l. Aichi Cancer Center, Aichi, Japan;1m. Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan;1n. Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;1o. Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Osaka, Japan;1p. Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba, Japan;1q. Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan;1r. Ehime University, Ehime, Japan;1s. Kochi University, Kochi, Japan;1t. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;1u. Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan;1v. Tokyo Gakugei University, Japan;1. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan;2. Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan;3. Department of Public Health, Social Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan;4. Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan;5. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan;6. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan;g. Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara City, Japan;h. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan;i. Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract:
We studied 85,975 Japanese subjects by questionnaire at baseline (age 45–65 years, no histories of CVD or cancer) in 1995 and 1998, and were followed until the end of 2009 and 2010 in Cohorts I and II, respectively. Dietary magnesium intake was estimated from a self-administered 138 item food-frequency questionnaire. Confounding variables were used for age, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, history of diabetes, medication of antihypertensive drug and anti-lipidemic drug users, regular exercise, public health centers, foods (vegetables and fish), dietary energy and minerals (salt, calcium, and potassium).
