中国城市母乳喂养行为的研究

目的 研究目前中国城市母乳喂养状况和影响因素，以完善对中国“促进母乳喂养十项措施”的监测，巩固爱婴医院成果，提高母乳喂养率，最终促进儿童生长发育。方法 选择北京、长春（吉林）、呼和浩特（内蒙古）、洛阳（河南）、西安（陕西）、昆明（云南）、以及厦门（福建）七个城市，在2000年8－10月期间进行横断面调查，用分层整群抽样的方法调查有4－12个月婴儿的母亲共1123例。结果 4个月时纯母亲喂养率为16％，全母乳喂养率为50％，影响4个月时全母乳喂养率的主要因素有：母亲年龄、职业、医疗费用支付类型、母亲妊娠并发症和合并症、按需哺乳、给新生儿喂奶粉、接受奶粉商推销奶粉、接受低价的奶粉、母亲产后4个月内恢复工作等。结论 调查结果提示很有必要引进爱婴医院自我监测工具，并选择重点地区进行爱婴医院的复评估。限制免费或低价奶粉的推销。提高产科质量包括降低剖宫产率和母亲妊娠并发症的发生，同时要提高社区支持组织在帮助母亲维持哺乳方面所起的作用。

Breastfeeding Practice in Urban China.

Objective The objective of this study is to assess infant feeding practices in urban areas. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in August and September in 2000.Seven cities were chosen as the research site including Beijing,Changchun,Huhehaote,Xi'an,Luoyang,Kunming and Xiamen.All eligible mothers with babies aged 4 to 12 months,1 123,were face to face interviewed. Results The mean exclusive breast feeding rate at4 month in seven cities was 16%.The full breastfeeding rate was 50%.The factorsinfluencing breastfeeding rate at four month of age were mother's age,occupation,forms of medical service,maternal complication,breastfeeding on demand,fed babymilk powder,recommended milk powder,received low cost milk powder,mother started work at four month after birth,had highly significant net effect on breast feeding. Conclusions There is a great need for the introduction of a monitoring tool to further enhance the progress of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative(BFHI).Reassessment of the BFHI selectively in some provinces is also suggestive.Restricting the use of commercial samples of breast milk substitutes and the activities of milk powder salesman in hospital is highlysuggestive.There is also a need to improve quality of obstetric care to lower c section rate and maternal complications,a need to improve the effect of community support group,and a need to help mothers maintain lactation.