1458例小儿急性下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的探讨不同年龄组小儿急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）的病原谱及流行病学特点。方法对1458例ALRI住院患儿,通过不同方法进行病原学检测。结果在1458例标本中,检出细菌阳性率19.0%,病毒阳性率17.6%,肺炎支原体病原阳性率14.6%。各年龄组细菌及病毒感染率比较差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论婴儿ALRI以革兰阴性菌及RSV感染为主,年龄越小发病率及混合感染率越高;大于3岁的儿童以肺炎支原体感染为主。呼吸道病毒感染具有季节性,而细菌、支原体感染呈散发性。

Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Children: Analysis of 1458 Cases

Objective To explore the etiologic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics in different age groups of children with acute lower respiratory infection（ALRI）.Methods The etiological detection was carried out by different methods in 1458 inpatient children with ALRI.Results In the 1458 inpatient children with ALRI,the bacteria-positive rate was 19.0%,the HIV positive rate was 17.6%,and the mycoplasma pneumonia pathogen positive rate was 14.6%.There were significant differences in bacterial and viral infection rates between all age groups（P0.01）.Conclusion The leading cause of infant ALRI is Gram-negative bacteria and RSV infection,and the younger the higher incidence rate and mixed infection.Those more than 3-year-old are infected mainly by pneumonia mycoplasma.Respiratory virus infection is seasonal,but bacteria and mycoplasma infection was sporadic.