The reactor accident at Chernobyl: A nuclear medicine practitioner''s perspective |
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| Authors: | James G. Kereiakes Eugene L. Saenger Stephen R. Thomas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Experimental Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany;2. Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Germany;3. Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Mannheim, Germany;4. Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany;5. Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany;6. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany;1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;2. Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt;3. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32511 Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt;4. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt;5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32511 Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt;1. Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India;2. CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Odisha, India;3. Research and Development Department, Tata Steel Ltd, Odisha, India;4. Institute of Physics, Odisha, India |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
The radiation incident at Chernobyl, USSR, on April 26, 1986 was first detected in Sweden on April 29, when increased radioactivity was observed at a nuclear facility in that country. Subsequently, higher levels of radioactivity were observed in most of Eastern Europe and then in Western Europe. Increased radioactivity was eventually noted in the United States beginning about May 5. The three-day interval between the incident and its discovery outside the USSR caused great apprehension. This chain of events indicates the very important role for the nuclear medicine physician, the medical physicist and their colleagues. It is likely that this medical specialty area is staffed by personnel who are best qualified to interpret these findings and to determine the necessary course of action both for patients and the general public. The nuclear medicine specialist can provide valuable input in estimating the radiation dose impact resulting from such an incident. This estimate may be accomplished either by combining measured activity levels with the physiological and physical factors involved; or by actual in vivo counting and quantitation of radioactivity in individuals exposed to radionuclides. From the measured activities in air, water and food, and assumed intakes for various age groups, doses can be estimated both for inhalation and ingestion of radionuclides. In vivo measurements of radionuclides can be performed with conventional instrumentation used routinely in nuclear medicine laboratories. |
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