甘肃省人间鼠疫疫情首发病例流行病学特征分析

目的研究甘肃省历年人间鼠疫首发病例的流行病学特征,循证流行规律,为下一步鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法以甘肃省人间鼠疫病例为基础资料,进行流行病学统计分析。结果 1959～2010年甘肃省共发生28起鼠疫疫情,30例首发病例中腺型鼠疫占53.3%,败血型鼠疫11例,占36.7%;传染源主要为染疫的喜马拉雅旱獭,其次为猫、野兔、牧羊犬;首发病例高峰时间为7、8、9月份;首发病例职业以农牧民居多。结论甘肃省人间鼠疫首发病例其病程短、传播快、病死率高,应加强对首发病例早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗,以严防疫情蔓延扩散;另今后应当加强对进入疫区的外来人口鼠防知识健康教育工作。

Analysis of epidemiologic characteristics of first cases with plague in Gansu Province

Objective To study epidemiologic characteristics and prevalent pattern of the first cases with plague in Gansu Province in previous years and provide a scientific basis for the plague prevention and control in future.Methods The basic data of plague cases in Gansu Province were analyzed by epidemiological statistics.Results There were total 28 outbreaks of human plague in Gansu Province from 1959 to 2010.Out of them,30 cases were the first cases,including 53.3% of bubonic and 36.7%（11 cases）of septicaemic plague.Most sources of the infection were Himalayana marmota,and then cat,hare and shepherd dog.Most first cases were farmers or herders and occurred in July to September.Conclusions The analysis showed that the first plague cases are of short duration,spread fast and high mortality in Gansu Province.So early discovery,early diagnosis,treatment in time and prevention of epidemic situation from spreading are the key.The health education work of external population also should be strengthened in the future.