拉沙热的流行病学特点及防治对策

拉沙热是由拉沙病毒引起,主要经过啮齿类动物传播的一种人兽共患病,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,被WHO列为优先研究的10种人兽共患病毒病之一。该病20世纪50年代首次发现于尼日利亚,主要在西非地区流行,在欧洲、美洲、亚洲等多个国家出现拉沙热输入性病例的报道。近年来尼日利亚连续暴发拉沙热疫情,再次引起世界的关注。随着“一带一路”倡议的推进,国际交流活动频繁,以及我国援助非洲和执行非洲维和任务的增加,我国在外人员感染拉沙热和拉沙热疫情输入我国的风险逐年增加。本文对拉沙热的病原学和临床学特征、流行病学特征、疫情分布情况以及防治对策进行综述,分析了拉沙热疫情对我国的潜在威胁,提出我国防控拉沙热疫情的应对措施。

Epidemiological characteristics of Lassa fever and its prevention

Lassa fever,listed as one of priority research and development zoonotic diseases by WHO,is caused by Lassa fever virus,and mainly transmitted by rodents and can cause high morbidity and mortality.The disease was first reported in Nigeria in the 1950 s,and it is mainly epidemic in West Africa.So far,imported cases of Lassa fever have been also reported in countries in Europe,America,and Asia.In recent years,the continuous outbreaks of Lassa fever in Nigeria had once again attracted the attention of the world.With the advancement of“The Belt and Road”initiative,frequent international exchanges,and the increase in our country’s assistance to Africa and the military’s peacekeeping missions in Africa,the risk of infection in endemic areas and import into China of Lassa fever increased year by year.The paper mainly introduces the etiology and clinical characteristics,epidemiological characteristics,epidemic distribution and prevention and control of Lassa fever,analyzes the potential threats of Lassa fever to China,and proposes prevention and control measures for Lassa fever.