中国八城市老年人能量及蛋白质摄入与肌肉衰减症的关系

目的探究中国八城市老年人能量、蛋白质摄入水平与肌肉衰减症的关系。方法数据来源于2016年的"中国城市成年人群膳食与健康关系研究"。采用立意抽样和多阶段整群抽样相结合的方法,抽取65岁及以上研究对象427人,采用问卷调查的方法获得社会人口学特征和生活习惯,采用24小时膳食回顾调查法获得调查对象膳食摄入情况并根据《中国食物成分表》计算能量、蛋白质摄入。使用四分位数将研究对象按照能量摄入水平分为4组:Q1(<1197.6 kcal/d)、Q2(1197.6~1531.4 kacl/d)、Q3(1531.4~1984.1 kcal/d)、Q4(≥1984.1 kacl/d);使用四分位数将研究对象按照蛋白质摄入水平分为4组:Q1(<36.8 g/d)、Q2(36.8~50.4 g/d)、Q3(50.4~68.6 g/d)、Q4(≥68.6 g/d)。生物电阻抗法测量四肢骨骼肌质量,使用手持握力计测量骨骼肌力量,四米步速测试测量骨骼肌功能。根据亚洲肌肉衰减症工作组的标准评价调查人群的骨骼肌健康现状。结果与Q1组相比,能量摄入水平较高的Q2~Q4组的四肢骨骼肌质量、握力、步速以及肌肉衰减症检出率差异无统计学意义。与Q1组相比,蛋白质摄入Q2组具有较大的握力(β=0.12,95%CI 0.03~0.21,P=0.009)和较快的步速(β=0.20,95%CI 0.07~0.34,P=0.003)。结论膳食蛋白质摄入水平与中国老年人握力及步速存在关联,但与肌肉衰减症检出率无显著关联。

Association between dietary energy and protein intake and sarcopenia among the elderly in 8 cities across China

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between energy and protein intake and sarcopenia among elder people from eight cities across China. METHODS The current study is based on a previous research conducted in 2016 which was named "Chinese Urban Adults Diet and Health Study". A total of 427 participants aged 65 and older were enrolled. Questionnaire was conducted to obtain the socio-demographic characteristics of participants. 24 h dietary recall was used to assess the dietary intake and energy and protein intake was calculated according to China Food Composition. The subjects were then divided into four groups(Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) according to their energy intake(<1197.6 kcal/d, 1197.6-1531.4 kacl/d, 1531.4-1984.0 kcal/d, ≥1984.1 kacl/d) and protein intake(<36.8 g/d, 36.8-50.4 g/d, 50.4-68.6 g/d, ≥68.6 g/d). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure the skeletal muscle mass, hand-held grip strength meter was used to measure the skeletal muscle strength, and four-meter gait speed test was used to measure the skeletal muscle performance. According to the criteria of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, the health status of the skeletal muscle was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the Q1 group, there was no significant difference in skeleton muscle mass, grip strength, walking speed and the detection rate of sarcopenia among the energy intake groups(Q2-Q4). Compared with the Q1 group, the Q2 protein intake group had greater grip strength(β=0.12,95%CI 0.03-0.21,P=0.009) and faster gait speed(β=0.20,95%CI 0.07-0.34,P=0.003). CONCLUSION The level of protein intake is associated with the grip strength and gait speed of the elderly in China, but has no significant effect on the detection rate of sarcopenia.