儿童特发性高钙尿症52例临床分析

目的探讨特发性高钙尿症（IH）的临床特点及与泌尿系结石的关系。方法分析52例确诊为IH患儿的临床资料特点，并结合文献讨论其与泌尿系结石发生的关系。结果52例患儿均有不同程度血尿。其中41例患儿行腹部B超和X线平片检查及静脉肾盂造影检查，发现肾结石5例。调查52例患儿家族史发现15例家族中有泌尿系结石患者，6例同胞中有类似血尿患者，较正常对照组家族的尿结石发病率明显增高（P〈0．05）。52例患儿进行钙负荷试验，其中肠道吸收亢进型29例．肾脏漏出型23例。结论除血尿外，泌尿系结石也是IH的常见临床表现，尤其见于高钙尿状态持续时间较长者。IH与家族泌尿系结石的发病有密切关系，有遗传倾向。

Clinical features of idiopathic hypercalciuria in 52 children

Objective To study the clinical features and the relationships between urinary stones and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH).Methods Twenty-four hours urinary calcium excretion,urinary calcium to creatinine ratio and oral calcium-loading tests were performed on all 52 children diagnosed having idiopathic hypercalciuria.All the data of 52 children were reviewed.Results Clinical features that were more commonly associated with hypercalciuria included gross hematuria and a family history of urolithiasis.Urolithiasis developed in 5 children in 41 cases of hypercalciuria and their relatives of 21 patients.Absorptive hypercalciuria was demonstrated in 29 children,whereas 23 had renal (fasting) hypercalciuria.Conclusion Determination of urinary calcium excretion is warranted in the routine evaluation of children with hematuria.IH was a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and the risk of nephrolithiasis increased with long-term of hypercalciuria.There was a significant association between IH and stone disease developed in patients and their family.