外泌体在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中作用的研究进展

外泌体是细胞主动分泌的囊泡样物质,可以转运蛋白质、细胞因子以及微小核糖核酸等物质参与细胞间通讯等过程,进而发挥调控相应受体细胞功能的作用。细胞在受到一定刺激时,分泌的外泌体数量以及转运物质会发生相应的变化。急性心肌梗死后通常通过溶栓或者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗等实现再灌注治疗,而再灌注后心肌损伤是血管再通后的常见现象,也是影响预后的主要原因,目前临床上尚无针对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的有效的防治措施。研究发现,外泌体在心肌缺血再灌注损伤炎性反应、血管再生、氧化应激、心室重塑以及心肌细胞凋亡等过程中发挥着重要调控作用,因此具有巨大的潜在临床应用价值。

Research progress on the mechanism of exosomes in myocardialischemia-reperfusion injury

Exosomes are vesicle-like substances activelysecreted by cells, they can transport proteins, cytokines, microRNAs, and othersubstances to participate in the process of intercellular communication, thusplay a role in regulating the function of corresponding receptor cells. Whencells are stimulated, the number of exosomes and substances they transport willchange correspondingly. Reperfusion therapy after acute myocardial infarctionis usually achieved through thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronaryintervention, and myocardial injury after reperfusion is a common phenomenonafter vascular recanalization and also the main reason affecting prognosis. Atpresent, there are no effective prevention and treatment measures formyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that exosomes playan important role in regulating inflammatory response, angiogenesis, oxidativestress, ventricular remodeling, and myocardial cell apoptosis in myocardialischemia-reperfusion injury, so they have great potential clinical applicationvalues.