2018—2019年石台县野外灭鼠控制血吸虫病传染源效果观察

目的 观察在以野鼠作为主要传染源的血吸虫病流行区，通过野外灭鼠配合常规防治措施控制血吸虫病动物传染源的效果。方法 在石台县选择3个血吸虫病流行村，其中试验村(矶滩村和石泉村)采取常规防治措施结合野外灭鼠措施(1次)，对照村(西柏村)仅采取常规防治措施，一年后评估野鼠密度及其血吸虫感染情况。结果 试验村矶滩村灭鼠前后野鼠密度分别为9.91%(75/757)、4.99%(34/681)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.362,P<0.05)；石泉村灭鼠前后野鼠密度分别为5.31%(32/623)、3.28%(17/519)，差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.756,P>0.05)；对照村西柏村防治前后野鼠密度分别为3.44%(20/582)、4.45%(21/472)，差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.715,P>0.05)。试验村矶滩村灭鼠前后野鼠感染率分别为36.00%(27/75)、17.65%(6/34)，石泉村灭鼠前后野鼠感染率分别为18.75%(6/32)、11.76%(2/17)，对照村西柏村防治前后野鼠感...

Preliminary observation on the efficacy to check infection source of schistosomiasis by controlling wild rodents

Objective  To observe the effect of field deratization combined with routine control measures to check the source of schistosomiasis in areas where wild rats are the main source of infection. Methods  Three endemic villages of schistosomiasis were selected in Shitai County. Among them, the experimental village (Jitan Village and Shiquan Village) underwent routine control measures in combination with field deratization once, and the control village (Xibai Village) only received routine control measures. After one year, the density of wild rats and schistosomiasis infection were evaluated. Results  The density of rats before and after deratization was 9.91% (75/757) and 4.99% (34/681) in Jitan Village, and 5.31% (32/623) and 3.28% (17/519) in Shiquan Village, respectively (χ2=12.362, P<0.001; χ2=2.756，P>0.05). The density of rats before and after control in Xibai Village (the control village) was 3.44% (20/582) and 4.45% (21/472), respectively. The difference was insignificant (χ2=0.715, P>0.05). The infection rate of wild rats before and after deratization was 36.00% (27/75) and 17.65% (6/34) in Jitan Village(the experimental village), 18.75% (6/32) and 11.76% (2/17) in Shiquan Village, 5.00% (1/20) and 14.29% (3/21) in Xibai Village, respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates before and after intervention among the three villages (χ2=2.756, 0.050, 0.226, all P>0.05). Conclusion  In schistosomiasis endemic areas where wild rats are the main source of infection, field deratization is feasible to reduce the density of wild rats and the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in a short period of time, but the effect needs to be further evaluated.