中小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育效果调查分析

目的 了解当前中小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育工作的实施效果,探讨存在的问题与挑战,为“十四五”期间血防健教工作提供参考。方法 采用三阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在3个省抽取流行区中小学生作为调查对象,通过问卷调查统计中小学生血防知识得分情况,计算血防知识知晓率及行为正确率。结果 共收集学生有效问卷586份,满分率为73.5%,不及格率为0.7%,平均分为96.4±8.0。学生血防知识知晓率为95.7%,血防行为正确率为98.2%;男、女生血防知识知晓率(95.2%vs. 96.3%)和行为正确率(97.5%vs. 98.9%)的差异均分别有统计学意义(χ²=6.973、8.101,P均<0.05);同时初中生、小学生血防知识知晓率(98.9%vs. 92.6%)和行为正确率(99.2%vs.97.1%)差异均分别有统计学意义(χ²=199.451、18.443,P均<0.05)。结论 中小学生血防健康教育效果明显,但不同性别和年级存在差距,今后应继续加强健康教育工作,不断提高流行区整体人群防护意识和行为。

Analysis on the outcomes of health education in prevention of schistosomiasis among primary and secondary school students

Objective    To understand the effects of health education on schistosomiasis control in primary and secondary school students, and discuss the existing problems and challenges for scientific evidence in formulating health education measures during the 14th Five-Year Plan. Methods    By stratified cluster sampling, we conducted the survey in three stages in the primary and secondary school students in endemic areas from 3 provinces. All participants received written questionnaire response for scoring on the knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control as well as the rate of correct behavior in schistosomiasis prevention. Results    A total of 586 valid questionnaires were retrieved from the participants in this study. The full score rate was 73.5%, and failure rate 0.7%, with an average score of 96.4±8.0. The awareness rate of knowledge and the correct rate of behavior related to schistosomiasis control were 95.7% and 98.2%, respectively. There were statistical differences between male and female students in awareness rate of knowledge （95.2% vs. 96.3%） and correct rate of behavior （97.5% vs. 98.9%） involved in schistosomiasis control（χ²=6.973, 8.101; both P<0.05）. In addition, the awareness rate of knowledge and correct rate of behavior were different between junior middle school students and primary school students（98.9% vs. 92.6%; 99.2% vs. 97.1%; χ²=199.451, 18.443; both P<0.05）. Conclusion     Health education on schistosomiasis control has achieved profound effect on primary and secondary school students, yet the effect remains different between genders and students of different grades, for which health education should be sustained in the future in order to constantly improve the awareness of the population living in the endemic areas in prevention of schistosomiasis infection.