菏泽市单县中学新生结核菌素试验结果分析

目的 分析菏泽市单县2020年中学新生结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（purified protein derivative，PPD）试验结果，了解入学新生结核分枝杆菌感染情况。方法 以单县辖区内3所寄宿制高中和37所寄宿制初中新生为研究对象，于2020年10月—2021年1月对其开展PPD试验，分析并比较不同年级、不同性别、不同区域学生的阳性率、强阳性率差异。结果 共有15 994名学生接受PPD试验，PPD试验阳性率为5.11%，强阳性率为0.43%，未发现活动性肺结核患者。高一新生阳性率和强阳性率分别为7.58%（547/7 219）和0.82%（59/7 219），初一新生阳性率和强阳性率分别为3.08%（270/8 775）和0.10%（9/8 775），不同年级学生的阳性率和强阳性率差异均有统计学意义（χ2=165.484、47.791，P均<0.05）。高一男生阳性率和强阳性率分别为7.47%（315/4 215）和0.66%（28/4 215），女生阳性率和强阳性率分别为7.72%（232/3 004）和1.03%（31/3 004），高一不同性别学生的阳性率和强阳性率差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.156、2.925，P均>0.05）；初一男生阳性率和强阳性率分别为3.39%（161/4 754）和0.08%（4/4 754），女生阳性率和强阳性率分别为2.71%（109/4 021）和0.12%（5/4 021），初一不同性别学生的阳性率和强阳性率差异均无统计学意义（χ2=3.337、0.344，P均>0.05）。城区学生阳性率和强阳性率分别为4.95%（161/3 253）和0.28%（9/3 253），均高于乡镇学生的1.97%（109/5 522）和0，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=60.767、15.293，P均<0.05）。结论 对入学新生开展PPD试验是筛查肺结核的重要手段，对寄宿制学校内控制结核病传播具有重要意义，应加强中学生尤其是高中生的结核病防控管理工作。

Analysis on the tuberculin test results in middle school freshmen in Shanxian County of Heze City

Objective To analyze the tuberculin test results in the middle school freshmen in Shanxian County of Heze City in 2020 so as to understand the infection status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the students. Methods Freshmen were included from 3 boarding senior high schools and 37 boarding junior high schools under the administration of Shanxian County, and underwent tuberculin test (PPD test) from October 2020 to January 2021. The difference in positive and strong positive rates in students of different grades, genders and regions. Results Of the 15 994 students, positive rate and strong positive rate was 5.11% and 0.43%, respectively. No active tuberculosis infection was found. Positive rate and strong positive rate were 7.58%(547/7 219) and 0.82%(59/7 219), 3.08%(270/8 775) and 0.10%(9/8 775), respectively for high school freshmen and junior school freshmen, with statistical difference among students of different grades(χ２=165.484, 47.791, respectively; both P<0.05). The positive and strong positive rates were 7.47%(315/4 215) and 0.66%(28/4 215) for male high school students, 7.72%(232/3 004) and 1.03%(31/3 004) for high school females; 3.39%(61/4 754) and 0.08%(4/4 754) for male junior school students, 2.71%(109/4 021) and 0.12%(5/4 021) for junior school females, respectively. The difference was insignificant among genders (χ２=0.156, 2.925; χ２=3.337, 0.344, respectively, all P>0.05).  Students from urban areas had higher positive and strong positive rates than those from townships4.95%(161/3 253) and 0.28%(9/3 253) vs. 1.97%(109/5 522) and 0]. The difference was significant(χ２=60.767, 15.293; both P<0.05). Conclusion PPD test is an important approach to tuberculosis screening in newly enrolled students, and of great significance in prevention and control of tuberculosis transmission among students in boarding schools, especially in high school students.