广州市黄花社区登记糖尿病患者的屈光不正患病率及相关因素的横断面研究

目的　了解广州市社区50岁以上2型糖尿病患者屈光不正的患病率及其相关影响因素。方法　以社区参与慢病管理的糖尿病患者为研究对象的横断面研究。抽取2019年1月至2021年5月在广州市越秀区黄花社区卫生服务中心登记的50岁以上2型糖尿病患者，了解受检者的一般情况、生化检测和糖化血红蛋白浓度等。所有受检者都接受了视力和眼部检查，包括验光检查。采用独立样本t检验、χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析进行分析。结果　共有454例2型糖尿病患者参加了本研究，186例男性（41.0%），年龄（65.70±8.27）岁，糖尿病病程（9.46±7.28）年。该人群中近视、远视、散光相应的患病率为22.7%（95%CI：18.8%～26.6%）、47.6%（95%CI：43.0%～52.2%）、50.7%（95%CI：46.0%～55.3%），其中远视患病率随着年龄的增长而上升（P<0.05）。多因素回归分析发现，近视仅与教育水平有关（P<0.05），远视与年龄、糖尿病病程有关（均P<0.05），散光、屈光参差均仅与年龄有关（均P<0.05）。结论　黄花社区2型糖尿病患者屈光不正患病率较高，其中教育水平是近视的影响因素；年龄及糖尿病病程是远视的影响因素；年龄是散光及屈光参差的影响因素。

Prevalence of refractive error and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Huanghua community,Guangzhou, China

Objective　To investigate the prevalence of refractive error and its influencing factors among patients with type 2 diabetes over 50 years old in Guangzhou. Methods　A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients who participated in chronic disease management in the community in Huanghua Community Health Service Center, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou from January 2019 to May 2021. A total of 454 diabetic patients were selected to explore their general conditions, biochemical tests, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. All subjects underwent general ophthalmic examination, including optometry. Independent sample t test, χ² test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results　A total of 454 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the study, including 186 males (41.0%), aged (65.70±8.27) years, with a course of diabetes of (9.46±7.28) years. The prevalences of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were 22.7% (95%CI: 18.8%-26.6%), 47.6% (95%CI: 43.0%-52.2%), and 50.7% (95%CI: 46.0%-55.3%), and the prevalence of hyperopia increased with the increase of age (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that myopia was only related to the education level (P<0.05), hyperopia was only related to age and course of diabetes (both P<0.05), and astigmatism and anisometropia were only related to age (both P<0.05). Conclusion　The prevalence of refractive error in type 2 diabetic patients in Huanghua community is high, among which the level of education is the influencing factor of myopia, the age and course of diabetes are the influencing factors of hyperopia, and the age is the influencing factor of astigmatism and anisometropia.