青少年抑郁障碍人格与父母教养方式、家庭环境的相关性研究

目的 探讨青少年抑郁障碍人格特征、父母教养方式、家庭环境的特点，为青少年抑郁障碍实施家庭干预、心理治疗提供依据。 方法 采用病例对照的研究方法，选取100例青少年抑郁症患者(研究组)和100例健康青少年(对照组)，采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对2组受试者进行测评，并对结果进行分析。 结果 ①青少年抑郁障碍与健康青少年在人格、父母教养方式和家庭环境三方面差异均存在统计学意义；②研究组在内外向维度评分显著低于对照组，在神经质维度评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)；研究组矛盾性得分显著增高,亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、知识性得分较对照组显著降低(P＜0.01)；研究组父母情感温暖与理解因子分显著低于对照组，惩罚与严厉、拒绝与否认因子及母亲的过分干涉与保护、父亲的过分保护因子分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)；③父母教养方式中的情感温暖与理解，与EPQ的内外向因子呈正相关，与精神质和神经质因子呈负相关，而父母双方的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉与EPQ的内外向因子呈负相关，父母双方的拒绝否认和惩罚严厉与EPQ的精神质和神经质因子呈正相关;家庭环境的亲密度、娱乐性与EPQ的4个维度均相关。 结论 ①相对于正常青少年，青少年抑郁障碍的人格、父母教养方式、家庭环境存在更多的问题；②不良家庭环境、不合理的父母教养方式会导致青少年人格问题、抑郁情绪的出现,改善青少年抑郁障碍患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式，会促进患者人格成长、疾病康复。 

Correlation study between parenting styles,family environment and depressive personality disorder in adolescents

Objective To explore the characteristics of depressive personality disorder,parenting patterns and family environment of adolescents,and to provide evidence for family intervention,psychological treatment of depressive adolescents. Methods By case-control study,100 adolescents with depression(study group) and 100 healthy adolescents(control group)were assessed with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Family Environment Scale(FES-CV)and Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire(EMBU),and the results were analyzed. Results ①There were statistical significance in personality,parenting style and family environment between depressive adolescents and healthy adolescents.②The scores of internal and external dimensions in the study group were significantly lower,and neurotic dimension scores were significantly higher in the study group(P<0.01);Compared with that of the control group,the scores of contradictoriness were higher,the scores of factors of intimacy,emotion expression,independence,achievement,entertainment and knowledgeability of the depressive family were obviously lower; the scores of parental warmth and understanding were lower in the depressive family(P<0.01)and the scores of punishment,rejection,over intervention and protection of mother and over protection of father and over intervention were higher(P<0.01)than that of the control group;③The emotional warmth and comprehension in parenting pattern were positively correlated with internal and external dimensions of EPQ,and negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism;rejection and punishment were negatively correlated with internal and external,rejection and punishment were positively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism;while both parents' refusal to deny and the severe punishment were negatively correlated with EPQ. Both parents' refusal to deny and punishment were positively correlated with EPQ's neuroticism and neurotic factors;the intimacy and entertainment of family environment were related to the four dimensions of EPQ. Conclusion s ①Adolescents with depression had much more problems in depressive personality disorder,parenting patterns,family environment compared with healthy adolescents;②Unhealthy family environment,unreasonable parenting style will lead to personality problems and the emergence of depression.To improve the family environment of depressive adolescents and the parenting style will promote the growth of personality together with disease rehabilitation.