宿州市巨大儿发生率及其相关因素的研究

目的 调查宿州市巨大儿发生率，分析巨大儿发生的相关因素，以降低巨大儿发生率。 方法 巨大儿发生率通过区域卫生信息平台报表获得统计数据。巨大儿相关因素分析资料采用病例对照研究方法，巨大儿299例作为巨大儿组，另选取正常体重300例作为正常体重儿组。通过收集查阅病史了解孕期和新生儿信息，采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行分析。 结果 2014年度宿州市活产新生儿86 178例，其中巨大儿5 320例；巨大儿发病率为6.17%。2组孕产妇情况比较，在孕次、产次、产妇年龄、孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期增重、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、分娩方式与孕周等方面，差异均有统计学意义。多因素非条件Logisitic回归分析，孕期增重影响度最高；其次是孕前BMI和妊娠期糖尿病；男性新生儿、分娩方式和孕次等因素也都与巨大儿发生率相关。 结论 ①宿州市2014年巨大儿发生率低于7.30%的全国水平，也低于安徽省经济发达地区10.60%水平。②孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期增重、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、孕产次、男胎等均是巨大儿发生的相关因素。③加强孕前教育，控制孕前BMI，强化孕期指导，控制孕期增重，合理饮食，适当运动，减少妊娠期糖尿病的发生等应作为预防巨大儿的重点干预因素。 

Research for incidence and related factors of macrosomia in Suzhou city

Objective To investigate the incidence of macrosomia in Suzhou,analyze the related factors of macrosomia,and provided basis for reducing the incidence of macrosomia. Methods The statistic data of macrosomia incidence has been acquired from regional health information platform.The case-control method was used to analyze the related factors of macrosomia.A total of 299 macrosomia cases were included in the observation group,while 300 cases of normal birth weight infants were included in the control group in the same period.By consulting medical history,the details about mothers during pregnancy and the newborns were investigated.SPSS 19.0 statistics software was sued to analysis the data. Results There was 86 178 cases newborn in 2014 in Suzhou,including 5 320 cases of macrosomiawith an incidence of 6.17%.The maternal situation between the two groups,including gravidity and parity,maternal age,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),weight gain during pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),mode of delivery and gestational age,has statistical differences.The unconditional multiple Logisitic regression analysis showed that weight gain during pregnancy was the main risk factors,followed by pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI) and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM);the male newborns,mode of delivery and gravidity was also related with the incidence of macrosomia. Conclusion ①The incidence of macrosomia in 2014 was lower than the average national level(7.3%),and lower than the 10.6% in developed economic regions of Anhui province.②The result shows that the dangerous factors of macrosomia including pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),weight gain during pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),gravidity and parity,gestational age,and male newborns.③The pre-pregnancy education should strengthen to control pre-pregnancy body mass index;the guidance during pregnancy should be strengthen to control pregnancy weight;the appropriate exercise and balanced diet,and reducing the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus should be regarded as the main intervention factors for the privation of macrosomia.