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Activation of the integrated stress response confers vulnerability to mitoribosome-targeting antibiotics in melanoma
Authors:Roberto Vendramin  Vicky Katopodi  Sonia Cinque  Angelina Konnova  Zorica Knezevic  Sara Adnane  Yvessa Verheyden  Panagiotis Karras  Ewout Demesmaeker  Francesca M. Bosisio  Lukas Kucera  Jan Rozman  Ivan Gladwyn-Ng  Lara Rizzotto  Erik Dassi  Stefania Millevoi  Oliver Bechter  Jean-Christophe Marine  Eleonora Leucci
Abstract:
The ability to adapt to environmental stress, including therapeutic insult, contributes to tumor evolution and drug resistance. In suboptimal conditions, the integrated stress response (ISR) promotes survival by dampening cytosolic translation. We show that ISR-dependent survival also relies on a concomitant up-regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis, a vulnerability that can be exploited using mitoribosome-targeting antibiotics. Accordingly, such agents sensitized to MAPK inhibition, thus preventing the development of resistance in BRAFV600E melanoma models. Additionally, this treatment compromised the growth of melanomas that exhibited elevated ISR activity and resistance to both immunotherapy and targeted therapy. In keeping with this, pharmacological inactivation of ISR, or silencing of ATF4, rescued the antitumoral response to the tetracyclines. Moreover, a melanoma patient exposed to doxycycline experienced complete and long-lasting response of a treatment-resistant lesion. Our study indicates that the repurposing of mitoribosome-targeting antibiotics offers a rational salvage strategy for targeted therapy in BRAF mutant melanoma and a therapeutic option for NRAS-driven and immunotherapy-resistant tumors.
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