2010-2014年云浮市流行性感冒病原学监测分析

目的 分析2010-2014年云浮市流感病原学监测结果,总结流感流行规律,为预防和控制流感流行提供科学依据。 方法 设立流感监测哨点医院,每周采集流感样病例鼻咽拭子,采用狗肾传代细胞进行流感病毒分离或实时荧光RT-PCR检测流感病毒核酸,用血凝抑制试验或实时荧光RT-PCR进行病毒亚型鉴定。 结果 2010-2014年共采集咽拭子标本11 723份,流感阳性986份,阳性率8.4%,各年份检出阳性率(分别为9.6%、1.6%、10.5%、4.7%、12.7%和8.4%)间差异有统计学意义(χ²=231.61,P=0.00)。阳性标本中A1(H1N1)占0.4%(4/986),A3(H3N2)占36.8%(363/986),新甲型H1N1占27.1%(267/986),Bv占22.9%(226/986),By占12.8%(126/986)。0~岁、5~岁、15~岁、25~岁和＞60岁组间检出阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=104.5,P=0.00)。2010年流感检出高峰出现在3-9月,2012年在1-3月,2013年在3-6月和12月,2014年在1-4月和6-7月。 结论 云浮市流感以混合流行为主,每年流行优势株均有不同,流行具有一定的季节性,1-7月活动性强,存在冬春季和夏季两个流行高峰。

Pathogenic surveillance of influenza in Yunfu City, 2010-2014

Objective To analyze the pathogenic surveillance results of influenza in Yunfu City during 2010-2014, to summarize the epidemic pattern of influenza so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza epidemics. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were weekly collected from influenza-like cases in the influenza sentinel hospitals. Influenza viruses were isolated by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and the nucleic acid of the viruses was detected by Real-time PCR. Subtypes were identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test or Real-time PCR. Results A total of 11,723 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from 2010 to 2014, and 986 were identified as influenza positive, with the positive rate of 8.4%. The positive detection rates in each year were 9.6%, 1.6%, 10.5%, 4.7%, 12.7% and 8.4% respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=231.61, P=0.00). Among the positive specimens, A1 (H1N1), A3 (H3N2), A (H1N1) pdm, B (Victoria) and B (Yamataga) accounted for 0.4% (4/986), 36.8% (363/986), 27.1% (267/986), 22.9% (226/986) and 12.8% (126/986) respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rates among the age groups of 0- year, 5-, 15-, 25- and >60 years (χ²=104.5, P=0.00). The detection peaks of influenza appeared from March to September in 2010, from January to March in 2012, from March to June and December in 2013. There were 2 peaks in 2014, one from January to April and another from June to July. Conclusions Influenza outbreaks in Yunfu City are mainly mixed epidemics, and the predominant strains of influenza viruses in each year are different. Influenza activity shows seasonal characteristics and is strong from January to July. There are 2 epidemic peaks, one in winter-spring and another in summer.