活化的巨噬细胞在体内对成年大鼠视神经夹伤后视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用

目的:评估活化的巨噬细胞对于视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞存活的影响。 方法:成年Wistar大鼠随机分为2组，A组左眼为正常对照组，右眼为单纯视神经夹伤组；B组按夹伤后眼内注射药物不同，每只大鼠右眼为酵母多糖组，左眼为PBS组。采用双上丘和外侧膝状体注射3%荧光金标记双眼视网膜神经节细胞7 d后，除正常对照组外均应用40 g力的视神经夹在大鼠眼球后2 mm处夹视神经9 s，观察视神经夹伤后不同时间，视网膜神经节细胞存活数。视网膜进行ED-1染色以鉴定是否有巨噬细胞被激活。 结果:正常对照组、视神经夹伤组及PBS组中未见ED-1阳性巨噬细胞，酵母多糖处理组中在视网膜表面可见ED-1阳性巨噬细胞。正常对照组及视神经夹伤对照组RGC逆行标记3、7、14、21 d细胞数不同。视神经夹伤组被标记的RGC分别相当于正常对照组的92.6%、82.9%、69.6%、57.6%。酵母多糖治疗组在夹伤后3、7、14、21 d标记的RGC数分别相当于正常对照组的99.6%、89.2%、72.6%、62.6%，均显著高于视神经夹伤组。 结论:玻璃体内注射酵母多糖可激活巨噬细胞，激活巨噬细胞可以促进视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞的存活。

Protective effect of activated macrophages on retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush

AIM: To investigate effects of factors derived from activated macrophages on survival of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) after optic nerve crush.METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control,crush control,medium treatment and zymosan treatment groups.All the rats were retrogradly by injecting fluorogold into superior colliculi of both sides. Partial optic nerve injury model was induced in the left eyes by a special designed optic nerve clip with 40 gram power for 9 seconds at optic nerve 2 mm behind the eyeball except for normal control group.The numbers of the labeled RGCs in each group were counted.RESULTS: The numbers of RGCs in crush group was 92.6%,82.9%,72.6% and 57.6% of normal controls on the third,7th,15th and 21th day,respectively.In the group with zymosan injection,the number of RGCs were much higher than that in controls on the third,7th,15th and 21th day(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of zymosan activates macrophages.Macrophages-derived factors might protect RGCs after optic nerve crush and improve their survival.