Arctigenin isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa ameliorates memory deficits in mice

The seeds of Arctium lappa L. (AL, family Asteraceae), the main constituents of which are arctiin and arctigenin, have been used as an herbal medicine or functional food to treat inflammatory diseases. These main constituents were shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Arctigenin more potently inhibited AChE activity than arctiin. Arctigenin at doses of 30 and 60?mg/kg (p.?o.) potently reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits by 62?% and 73?%, respectively, in a passive avoidance test. This finding is comparable with that of tacrine (10?mg/kg p.?o.). Arctigenin also significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. On the basis of these findings, arctigenin may ameliorate memory deficits by inhibiting AChE.