Bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment of urothelial carcinoma arising in the ileal neobladder after radical cystectomy

In January 2005, a 66‐year‐old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder reconstruction for invasive bladder cancer. A total of 3 years after the cystectomy, left‐side ureteral cancer was diagnosed, and a nephroureterectomy was carried out in May 2008. In October 2011, he complained of asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria. We detected multiple papillary pedunculated and broad‐based tumors in the left side and the dome of the neobladder. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, and a pathological diagnosis of high‐grade pTa urothelial carcinoma was made. A total of 4 months later, tumors recurred in the right side and anterior wall of the neobladder. We carried out transurethral resection of the bladder tumor again; the pathological diagnosis was high‐grade pTa urothelial carcinoma with carcinoma in situ. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation was carried out seven times into the neobladder, without any severe side‐effects. Tumor recurrence was not observed up to 8 months after bacillus Calmette–Guérin treatment.