Pneumonia hospitalization after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japan: Descriptive study using a nationwide claims database |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children''s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;3. The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. The Israeli Veterinary Services, Israeli Veterinary Services, Bet Dagan, Israel;5. Preventive Medicine Branch, IDF Medical Corps, Israel;6. Tel Aviv Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel;7. Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel;8. Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;9. Pediatric Department and Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel;10. Mayanei Hayeshuah Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel;1. Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;3. Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;4. Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA;1. Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey;5. Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey;1. The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom;2. Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Charlotte Auerbach Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to children in Japan in February 2010 for PCV7 and February 2013 for PCV13. This study aimed to investigate the changes in child pneumonia hospitalization in Japan, before and after the introduction of PCV.MethodsWe utilized the JMDC Claims Database, an insurance claims database in Japan, with a cumulative population of approximately 10.6 million as of 2022. We extracted data of approximately 3.16 million children below 15 years of age from January 2006 to December 2019, and evaluated the number of pneumonia hospitalizations per 1,000 persons per year. The primary analysis was a comparison of three categories according to PCVs: before PCV7, before PCV13, and after PCV13 (2006–2009, 2010–2012, and 2013–2019). The secondary analysis was an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, assessing the slope change in pneumonia hospitalizations per month, with PCV introduction as an intervening factor.ResultsThe cases of pneumonia hospitalizations during the study period was 19,920 (0.6 %); 25 % of these were 0–1 years, 48 % were 2–4 years, 18 % were 5–9 years, and 9 % were 10–14 years. Pneumonia hospitalizations per 1000 population was 6.10 before PCV7 and 4.03 after PCV13, representing a 34 % decrease (p < 0.001). The reduction by age group was –30.1 % in 0–1 years, –20.3 % in 2–4 years, –41.7 % in 5–9 years, and –52.9 % in 10–14 years, significant reduction in all groups. ITS analysis showed a further reduction of –0.17 % per month after the introduction of PCV13 than that before PCV7 (p = 0.006).ConclusionOur study estimated 4–6 pneumonia hospitalizations per 1000 pediatric population in Japan, with a 34 % decrease after the introduction of PCV. This study examined the nationwide effectiveness of PCV, further studies are needed in all age groups. |
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