基于文献计量与数据挖掘的脱发病中医临床证治特征分析

目的 探讨脱发病的中医研究现状,分析斑秃和雄激素性脱发的临床证治特征,为中医临床诊疗提供参考。方法 分别检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网中关于中医治疗脱发的研究文献,通过Notexpress去重后运用 CiteSpace及VOSviewer 软件进行文献计量分析,并聚焦中医内治斑秃和雄激素性脱发的随机对照研究（randomized controlled trial, RCT）,运用数据挖掘法分析对二者的临床证治特征。结果 中医治疗脱发病的文献共2954篇,研究类型以临床研究为主。临床证治特征分析表明,斑秃的主要病机为肝肾不足、气血两虚等,常用中药为何首乌、熟地、川芎、女贞子等,而雄激素性脱发的主要病机为湿热蕴结、阴虚湿热等,以侧柏叶、泽泻、茯苓、薏苡仁等为常用中药。结论 中医药治疗脱发病的文献呈上升趋势,斑秃和雄激素性脱发中医临床证治特征存在差异,在临床治疗脱发病的遣方用药中值得注意。

Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine clinical treatment characteristics of hair loss based on bibliometrics and data mining

Objective To explore the current status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research on alopecia areata (AA) and arogenetic alopecia (AGA), analyzing the clinical syndrome and treatment characteristics, and providing reference for TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Search for research literature on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of hair loss in CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP separately. Removing duplicates through Notexpress and using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. Furthermore, focusing on the RCT research of traditional Chinese medicine internal treatment for AA and AGA, the data mining methods were used to analyze the pathogenesis, treatment methods, and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine. Results There are a total of 2954 literature on the treatment of hair loss by traditional Chinese medicine, with clinical research being the main research type. Among them, the main pathogenesis of AA is liver and kidney deficiency, qi and blood deficiency, etc. Commonly used herbs includes Polygonum multiflorum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Chuanxiong, Poria cocos, and Ligustrum lucidum, while the pathogenesis of AGA is mainly dampness heat accumulation, yin deficiency dampness heat, etc., with commonly used herbs such as Platycladus orientalis, Alisma orientalis, Poria cocos, hawthorn, and Coix seed. Meanwhile, AA and AGA both pay more attention to the use of tonifying drugs in their treatment. Conclusion There is a growing trend in literature on the treatment of hair loss with TCM, and there are differences in the pathogenesis and treatment methods between AA and AGA in traditional Chinese medicine. It is worth further reference in the prescription and medication of clinical treatment of hair loss.