The microbiome of a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded in Portugal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell''Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy;2. University of Padua, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Legnaro, Padova, Italy;3. Veterinary Practitioner, Giulianova, Teramo, Italy;4. University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano d''Accio, Teramo, Italy;1. Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;3. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Centre for the Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;4. VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Av Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;5. Fundación Oceanografic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain;6. Veterinary Services, Avanqua Oceanogràfic-Ágora, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain;1. Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores “Profª Izabel Gurgel”, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha (ECOMEGA), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil;4. Instituto Baleia Jubarte, Caravelas, Bahia, Brazil;5. Instituto ORCA, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Infectious diseases with epizootic consequences have not been fully studied in marine mammals. Presently, the unprecedented depth of sequencing, made available by high-throughput approaches, allows detailed comparisons of the microbiome in health and disease. This is the first report of the striped dolphin microbiome in different body sites. Samples from one striped female edematous dolphin were acquired from a variety of body niches, including the blowhole, oral cavity, oral mucosa, tongue, stomach, intestines and genital mucosa. Detailed 16S rRNA analysis of over half a million sequences identified 235 OTUs. Beta diversity analyses indicated that microbial communities vary in structure and cluster by sample origin. Pathogenic, Gram-negative, facultative and obligate anaerobic taxa were significantly detected, including Cetobacterium, Fusobacterium and Ureaplasma. Phocoenobacter and Arcobacter dominated the oral-type samples, while Cardiobacteriaceae and Vibrio were associated with the blowhole and Photobacterium were abundant in the gut. We report for the first time the association of Epulopiscium with a marine mammal gut.The striped dolphin microbiota shows variation in structure and diversity according to the organ type. The high dominance of Gram-negative anaerobic pathogens evidences a cetacean microbiome affected by human-related bacteria. |
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| Keywords: | Cetacean Striped dolphin 16S rRNA Microbiota Metagenomics |
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