上海市中小学生超重肥胖行为影响因素研究

目的分析上海市中小学生超重或肥胖发生的行为影响因素,为有针对性地制定儿童青少年超重肥胖防控策略提供理论依据。方法选取2014年中国学生体质与健康调研上海地区调研资料中9～18岁中小学生11 913名,调查项目包括形态指标和问卷调查,采用Logistic回归分析学生睡眠、饮食、体育锻炼及静态生活方式等因素对不同群体学生超重或肥胖的影响。结果男生每天睡眠时间≥10 h的超重或肥胖检出率(36.7%)高于睡眠不足8 h的学生(31.3%)(P<0.01)。女生不吃早餐的群体(36.4%)高于天天都吃早餐的群体(17.6%)(P<0.05)。小学生不喜欢上体育课(38.2%)高于喜欢上体育课的学生(30.8%)(P<0.01)。初中每天玩游戏和计算机时间≥2 h的学生(28.1%)高于<1 h的学生(23.0%)(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,不愿意参加长跑(OR=1.16,95%CI=1.05～1.27)、每天看电视时间≥1 h(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.05～1.43)的学生群体发生超重或肥胖的风险较高。女生中吃早餐的学生发生超重或肥胖的风险下降(OR=0. 33,95%CI=0.16～0.67)。城区学生每天看电视时间≥1 h(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.07～1.74)发生超重或肥胖的风险提高,郊区每天睡眠时间≥10 h(OR=2.0,95%CI=1.23～3.25)的学生发生超重或肥胖的风险增加。小学生每天玩电子游戏和计算机≥2 h(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.01～2.08)发生超重或肥胖的风险提高。结论 2014年上海市中小学生超重或肥胖检出率与睡眠、饮食习惯、锻炼意愿和静态生活方式相关,且具有明显的群体性特征。

Behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 9-18 in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the associations between behavioral risk factors and overweight or obesity among school-age children and adolescents in Shanghai,and to provide a reference for making targeted prervention and control measures for overweight and obesity.Methods A total of 11 913 children and adolescents aged 9-18 years old were selected according to 2014 Shanghai Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance.Questionnaire survey and physical examination including height,weight and other physical index were performed.Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between overweight or obesity and sleep time,diet,physical exercise and sedentary behavior.Results The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher among boys who slept longer than or equal to 10 hours(36.7%),compared with those with less than 8 hours of sleep(31.3%)(P<0.01).Thlike physical education(3e rates of overweight or obesity in girls was higher among breakfast skippers(36.4%)than breakfast non-skippers(17.6%)(P<0.05).The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher among pupils who did not 8.2%)than those who preferred (30.8%)(P<0.01).The prevalence of overweight or obesity among junior middle school students playing video games and computer over 2 hours(28.1%)was higher than those playing less than 1 hours(23.0%)(P<0.05).Unwilling to participate in long-distance running exercise,watching TV more than lh per day were risk factors for overweight or obesity(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.05-1.27;OR =1.22,95%CI: 1.05-1.43,respectively).Girls who were breakfast non-skippers had a lower risk of overweight or obesity (OR = 0.33,95%CI: 0.16-0.67).Students in urban areas who watch TV more than lh per day was risk factor for overweight or obesity (OR=1.36,95%CI:1.07-1.74).Students in rural areas who slept longer than 10 hours had an increased risk of being overweight or obese (OR=2.0,95%CI: 1.23-3.25).Pupils who played video games and computers for more than 2 hours had an increased risk of being overweight'or obese(OR=1.45,95%CI: 1.01-2.08).Conclusion In 2014,overweight or obesity among Shanghai's primary and middle school students was highly interconnected with bad dietary behavior,static life style,and the distribution of factors shows obvious population characteristics.