父母温暖抚育对持续欺凌受害经历儿童内化症状的缓冲效应

目的探讨持续欺凌受害经历与儿童内化症状的纵向关联及父母温暖抚育方式在其中的可能效应,为改善特殊儿童人群心理健康水平提供参考。方法于2017年10月对马鞍山市3所小学自愿参加研究的1 198名四至五年级学生进行身高、体重和青春期发育评估,2018年10月开展随访。基线和随访均采用《MacArthur健康行为问卷儿童报告版》评估内化症状和同伴欺凌受害经历。将青少年分为持续性、无持续性和无同伴欺凌受害经历3组,采用多元线性回归分析不同温暖抚育组儿童同伴欺凌受害累积性对内化症状的影响。结果 Dunnett-t检验结果显示,持续和非持续欺凌受害经历组儿童基线及1年后随访内化症状均高于无欺凌组(P值均<0.01);持续、非持续和中等温暖抚育组儿童基线和1年后随访内化症状水平均低于无温暖抚育组(P值均<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,在非持续温暖抚育组、中等温暖抚育组和无温暖抚育组儿童中,持续性与非持续性同伴欺凌与随访1年后内化症状评分呈正相关,持续性欺凌β值分别为0.66(95%CI=0.33～0.99),0.37(95%CI=0.15～0.59)和0.58(95%CI=0.31～0.84),非持续性欺凌β值分别为0.33(95%CI=0.18～0.47),0.28(95%CI=0.13～0.41)和0.29(95%CI=0.08～0.51)。相比之下,持续温暖抚育组中,持续性与非持续性同伴欺凌受害经历与随访后1年内化症状间的关联无统计学意义。结论同伴欺凌受害经历增加儿童内化症状发生风险,但父母持续温暖抚育方式对持续同伴欺凌受害经历儿童内化症状具有明显的缓冲效应。

Parental warmth buffers against the effect of childhood bullying victimization on internalizing symptoms

Objective To investigate the longitudinal association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and to examine whether parental warmth buffers against this effect,so as to provide a reference for improving the mental health of the special group of children. Methods Students in grade 4 and grade 5 from three primary schools in Ma’anshan, Anhui Province were selected in Oct. 2017 with informed consent. Height, weight and pubertal development were objectively assessed. Internalizing symptoms and peer bullying victimization were evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up by using the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire-Child. Children were classified into three groups as non-bullying, non-consistent and consistent bullying victimization group. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze whether the association between peer bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms varied across different parental warmth groups. Results Compared with non-bullying victimization group, consistent-and non-consistent bullying victimization had higher internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up(P<0.01). Students reported consistent-, non-consistent bullying victimization under moderate parental warmth had lower internalizing symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up than those reported under low parental warmth group(P<0.01). Multiple liner regression showed that consistent bullying victimization β=0.66(95%CI=0.33-0.99), 0.37(95%CI=0.15-0.59), 0.58(95%CI=0.31-0.84), P<0.05] and non-consistent bullying victimizationβ=0.33(95%CI=0.18-0.47), 0.28(95%CI=0.13-0.41), 0.29(95%CI=0.08-0.51),P<0.05] were associated with higher 1-year follow-up internalizing symptoms in non-consistent, moderate-and low parental warmth group, while such association was not observed in consistent parental warmth group. Conclusion The experience of peer bullying victimization increases the risk of internalizing symptoms and this finding suggests that parental warmth help to buffer children from the internalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization.