营养改善计划试点地区2016年学生饮奶情况及影响因素

目的探讨2016年"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"学生营养改善计划")试点地区学生饮奶情况及其影响因素,为鼓励学生饮奶提供基础数据。方法从"学生营养改善计划"试点地区覆盖的中西部22个省50个重点监测县中,按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式,每个县各随机抽取2所小学和初中,再从小学三年级及以上和初中各年级随机抽取1~2个班,采用调查表收集25 948名学生的相关信息,分析饮奶情况和影响因素。结果每周饮奶1~3包的学生所占的比例最高(45.4%),每周饮奶≥4包的学生仅占29.1%。每周饮奶≥4包小学三至四年级学生的比例(35.7%)高于小学五至六年级学生(31.8%)和初中生(22.5%),男生(30.7%)高于女生(27.5%)(P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生、小学三至四年级或五至六年级、非住宿生、父母均未外出打工或父亲在外打工或母亲在外打工、每天就餐次数多、每天都吃早餐、每天吃零食≥1次、每天喝饮料≥1次、每天饮用白开水≥4杯的学生每周饮奶≥4包的可能性更大(P值均<0.05)。结论中国贫困农村地区学生饮奶不足,建议采取针对性的措施鼓励农村学生足量饮奶。

Milk consumption and associated factors in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2016

Objective To investigate milk consumption and associated factors in the national pilot counties of Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES) in 2016, and to provide basic data for milk consumption improvement. Methods Two primary and middle schools in each county were selected randomly from 50 key monitoring counties in 22 provinces in NIPRCES by three food supply modes(school-based, company-based, and others). Then 1 or 2 classes in each grade were selected randomly from grade 3 or above and junior schools. A total of 25 948 students were collected, milk consumption and related factors were investigated through student questionnaires. Results Among the students surveyed, the proportion of students drank 1 to 3 packs of milk every week was highest(45.4%), only 29.1% students drank 4 or more packets of milk per week. The proportion of children in grades 3 and 4 who drank 4 or more packets of milk per week(35.7%) was higher than that of children in grades 5 and 6(31.8%) and junior school(22.5%)(P<0.01). The proportion of boys who drank 4 or more packs of milk per week(30.7%) was higher than girls(27.5%)(P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, primary school students in grades 3 to 6, non-resident students, students with both parents or one parent at home, students who had more meals per day, students who had breakfast every day, students who took snacks or drank beverages once or more per day, students who drank 4 or more cups of boiled water were more likely to drink 4 or more packs of milk each week. Conclusion Students in poor rural areas in China lack access to milk. It is recommended that targeted measures should be taken to encourage and promote rural students to drink enough milk.