东莞某高校贫困大学生心理健康问题4年追踪观察

目的 探讨贫困大学生在校期间从大一至大四心理健康的变化趋势，为改善贫困大学生心理健康状况提供参考。方法 采用整群抽样法，使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对东莞某高校2018级403名贫困大学生和3 559名非贫困大学生的心理健康状况进行纵向追踪，2018—2021年每年10月份进行问卷调查。结果 4年来，贫困大学生的心理健康水平逐年提升，SCL-90总均分、阳性均分均降低(F值分别为106.60,96.37,P值均<0.01)。贫困女大学生的心理健康水平与贫困男大学生差异逐渐缩小，大一至大二贫困女生的总均分、阳性均分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子均分均高于男生(t=-3.97～-2.21,P值均<0.05);但从大三开始，贫困女大学生与贫困男大学生的SCL-90总均分、阳性均分、大多数因子均分以及各心理症状问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。4年来，贫困大学生与非贫困大学生SCL-90总均分、阳性均分及大多数因子均分差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),心理症状问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论 4年来，贫困大学生的心理健...

A four-year follow-up study on mental health of impoverished college students in Dongguan

  Objective  To explore the changes of mental health of impoverished college students from the first year to the last year, to provide reference for improving mental health of impoverished college students.  Methods  The cluster sampling method was used to conduct a longitudinal follow-up survey in October of each year from 2018 to 2021. Mental health status of 403 impoverished and 3 559 non-impoverished college students in a university from Dongguan in 2018 grade was assessed using the SCL-90 scale.  Results  During the past four years, mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved by year, and both the total and positive mean scores of SCL-90 were reduced (F=106.60, 96.37, P < 0.01). Sex difference in mental health score among poor college students gradually decreased over time. In the first two years, total score, positive score, somatization, depression, anxiety, phobia factor scores were higher than male students (t=-3.97--2.21, P < 0.05), while since the third year in college, no similar differences in SCL-90 total mean score, positive average, average score of most factors and detection rate were observed (P>0.05). In the past four years, there was also no significant difference between poor and non-poor college students in mental health score (P>0.05).  Conclusion  For the past 4 years, the mental health status of poor college students has significantly improved. The sex difference in mental health status among poor college students, and between poor and non-poor college students gradually disappear. Subsequent researchers should explore more positive psychological characteristics of poor students from the perspective of positive psychology.