少数民族亲属活体肾移植100例临床分析

目的 总结少数民族亲属活体肾移植的经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年至2008年7月间100例少数民族亲属活体肾移植中HLA配型、排斥反应、移植肾存活率以及死亡原因的临床资料.供、受者均为少数民族,供者均为自愿捐献.血缘亲属供肾97例,父亲供给儿子1例、女儿供给父亲1例、母亲供给儿子1例、兄妹之间24例,其余为血缘旁系亲属;非血缘亲属(夫妻)供肾2例,跨民族1例.HLA-A、B、DR 基因配型中,6个抗原均无错配者1例,1个抗原错配2例,2个抗原错配5例,3个抗原错配10例,4个抗原错配21例,5个抗原错配39例,6个抗原完全错配22例.结果 所有供者术后1周内出院,随访3～6个月,血肌酐正常,尿蛋白阴性.至2009年6月,受者的情况为:(1)91例受者存活,存活时间最长者达5年.9例死亡,其中1例死于心肌梗死,1例死于失血性休克,其余死于呼吸功能衰竭.(2)存活的受者中,2例移植肾功能丧失,其中1例术前群体反应抗体(PRA)高,术后发生急性排斥反应;另1例术后自行停用免疫抑制剂,导致移植肾功能丧失,已恢复透析治疗.移植肾1年存活率为91%,3年存活率为89%.(3)术后10例出现急性排斥反应,其中2例用甲泼尼龙加鼠源性单克隆抗体(OKT3)治疗,其余9例均用甲泼尼龙治疗,均逆转.(4)术后并发症:1例出现尿瘘,45 d后自行好转.3例出现膀胱输尿管吻合口狭窄,已做手术治愈.1例出现淋巴漏,术后2个月自行好转.肺部感染14例,其中7例轻度肺部感染,给予治疗后已好转,7例重症肺部感染导致呼吸功能衰竭死亡.4例继发性糖尿病;2例尿路感染;2例急性肾功能衰竭;3例下肢静脉血栓;5例药物性肝损害;5例红细胞增多症;3例丙型肝炎;3例慢性移植肾肾病;给予相应治疗后已好转.结论 术前对供、受者进行全面综合评估是亲属活体肾移植成功的保证;亲属活体肾移植的组织配型好,供肾缺血时间短,排斥反应发生少,移植肾长期存活率高.

Clinical analysis of 100 cases of relative living kidney transplantation in the minorities

Objective To summarize the experiences of 5-year relative living kidney transplantation in the minorities. Methods The clinical data of HLA matching, rejection, survival and causes of death were retrospectively analyzed from 2004 to July 2009. There were 97 blood relative donations, including 1 case of father → son, 1 case of daughter → father, 1 case of mother → son, 24 cases of donation between brother and sister, 2 cases of non-blood relative donors (husband and wife),1 case of inter-ethnics, and the remaining were collateral relative donors. All the donations were voluntary, and all the recipients were minorities and all donors were their blood relatives. There were no mismatch of gene matching of 6 antigenic sites (0 MM) in 1 patient, 1 mismatch point (1 MM) in 2 patients, 2 mismatch points (2 MM) in 5 patients, 3 mismatch points (3 MM) in 10 patients, 4 mismatch points (4 MM) in 21 patients, 5 mismatch points (5 MM) in 39 patients and complete mismatch in 22 patients. Results All donors were discharged after 1 week and followed up for 3-6 months. Blood creatinine was normal and urine protein was negative. Up to July 2009, the conditions of the recipients were as follows: (1) Ninety-one receptors survived after transplantation. The longest survival time was up to 5 years. Among 9 deaths, 1 case died from myocardial infarction, 1 case from hemorrhagic shock and the others from respiratory failure (7 %) ; (2) Two renal grafts lost their functions and the patients restarted dialysis, in whom the preoperative panel reactive antibodies (PRA) of 1 patient was high and the patient had postoperative acute rejection, and the other patient stopped immunosuppressive agents on his own, leading to renal function loss; (3) After transplantation 10 patients had acute rejection, of which 2 cases received methylprednisolone plus OKT3, and the remaining 9 patients were treated with methylprednisolone. All rejections were reversed; (4) Urethral fistula occurred in one case and was improved after 45 days. Three patients had vesicoureteral anastomotic stenosis and were cured surgically. lyrnph leakage occurred in one case and was improved after 2 months. Fourteen patients had lung infection, including 7 mild lung infections which were improved after treatment, and 7 severe lung infections which died from respiratory failure.Other complications included secondary diabetes mellitus (4 cases), urinary tract infection (2 cases),acute renal failure (2 cases), deep venous thrombosis (3 cases), drug-induced liver damage (5 cases),polycythemia (5 cases), hepatitis C (3 cases), chronic allograft nephropathy (3 cases), and all were improved after treatment. Conclusion Comprehensive assessments of the donors and receptors before transplantation are guarantee to successful living kidney transplantation from relative donors; Living kidney transplantation from relative donors has the advantages of good matching, short ischemia period of donated kidney, less rejections and high survival rate of transplanted kidneys.