经跗骨窦间隙入路微创内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折的解剖研究与临床应用

目的 探讨经跗骨窦间隙入路手术治疗跟骨关节内骨折的解剖学基础、手术方法及临床疗效评价. 方法 通过对18侧红色乳胶灌注的成人尸体下肢标本进行解剖研究,观测腓动脉终末穿支降支的走行、分支及吻合情况.2001年7月-2008年1月,对68例(71足)跟骨关节内骨折患者采用设计的经跗骨窦间隙入路切开复位内固定治疗.骨折根据Sanders分型:Ⅱ型26足,Ⅲ型32足,Ⅳ型13足. 结果 所有患者平均随访时间39.3个月(13～85个月),随访时骨折均愈合.跟骨长度、宽度、高度、Bohler角和Gissane角较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).采用Maryland足部评分系统评价手术疗效:优33足,良29足,可6足,差3足. 结论 经跗骨窦入路软组织损伤小,临床疗效满意,是跟骨关节内骨折有效的微创治疗方法.

Anatomical study and clinical application of minimally invasive internal fixation in the treatment of intra-articular fractures of calcaneum via sinus tarsi approach

Objective To investigate the anatomical features, operative method and efficacy of internal fixation in the treatment of iutra-articular fractures of caleaneum via the sinus tarsi approach. Methods The pathway, branches distribution and anastomosis of perforating descending branch of peroneal artery were observed on 18 adult cadaveric lower limbs. A sinus tarsi approach was designed. From July 2001 to January 2008, 71 intra-articular calcaneal fractures in 68 patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation via sinus tarsi approach at lateral sides of calcaneus. According to the Sanders classification, there were 26 type Ⅱ fractures, 32 type Ⅲ fractures and 13 type Ⅳ fractures. Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 39.3 months (13-85 months), and the fractures were completely healed. There was a significant difference in the length, width and height of the calcaneus, Bohler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation (P < 0.01). According to Maryland Foot Score, the operative effect was excellent in 33 feet, good in 29 feet, fair in 6 feet and poor in 3 feet. Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via sinus tarsi approach is an effective method for minimally invasive treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus, with the advantages of good clinical results and causing minimal damage to soft tissues.