对深圳罗湖区老年人轻度认知障碍的调查与分析

【目的】了解深圳市社区老年人轻度认知障碍（MCI）流行病学情况并对其影响因素进行分析。【方法】采用中文“简易智力状态表”（MMSE）对深圳市罗湖区8个社区410名老年人进行测试。【结果】本组社区老年人MCI的发生率为21．46％，不同年龄、学历、性别的社区老年人的MMSE得分具有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。其中初中以下文化程度与其他文化程度的老年人相比MMSE具有显著性差异，高中以上文化程度相互之间MMSE无显著性差异；高中以上文化程度者在70岁以上时，MCI发生率较60岁以上时有显著性增高（P〈0．05）；女性老年痴呆（AD）的发生率较男性高。分析结果发现，影响本人群MMSE的主要因素为学历（F=75．78，P〈0．001）与年龄（rage=-0．442，P〈0．001）。【结论】深圳市社区老年人MCI发生率与学历、年龄、性别有显著相关性，应在社区中对诊断为MCI的老年人实施预防AD的早期护理干预措施。

A Survey and Analysis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Aged from Luohu District of Shenzhen City

Objective] To investigate the epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the aged from Luohu district of Shenzhen city and to analyze the related factors. Methods ] Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire in Chinese was used to investigate MCI in 410 aged people from eight Communities of Luohu district, Shenzhen. Results] The incidence of MCI in this survey was 21.46% and the MMSE scoring varied with age, educational level and sex (P<0.001) . The difference of MMSE scoring was significant in the aged with junior-high-school education or below this level as compared with those above this level. The difference of MMSE scoring was insignificant between the aged with senior-high-school education and those above this level. In the aged with senior-high-school education or above, the incidence of MCI was obviously higher in the age of 70 - 80 years than that in the age of 60 - 70 years (P < 0.05) and the incidence of Alzheimer's dementia was higher in the female than that in the male. The results of multi-factor variance analysis showed that the primary factors of MCI were educational level ( F= 75.78, P < 0.001) and age (rage= - 0.442, P < 0.001) . Conclusion] The incidence of MCI in the aged from Luohu district of Shenzhen city has a correlation with the educational level, age and sex, indicating that early nursing care and preventive measures should be taken for AD in the aged diagnosed with MCI.