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中国脑出血医疗现状及死亡相关因素分析
引用本文:王文娟,王春雪,杨中华,刘丽萍,陆菁菁,王安心,赵性泉.中国脑出血医疗现状及死亡相关因素分析[J].中国卒中杂志,2013,8(9):703-711.
作者姓名:王文娟  王春雪  杨中华  刘丽萍  陆菁菁  王安心  赵性泉
作者单位:100050.北京; 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科
基金项目:首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2011-200403); 首都临床特色应用研究(Z131107002213009)
摘    要:【摘要】
目的 系统研究中国脑出血患者3个月、1年死亡的相关因素。
方法 本研究收集自2007年9月~2008年8月中国国家卒中登记数据库连续登记的来自全国27个省、4个直辖市及香港的132家医院的5136例发病14 d以内脑出血住院患者的人口学信息、临床资料、住院期间治疗及临床结局进行系统分析。采用Cox回归分析3个月、1年死亡的相关因素。
结果 脑出血3个月及1年的病死率分别为20.0%和26.1%。院内降压治疗是降低3个月[危险比(hazard ratio,HR)0.79,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.66~0.95]及1年(HR 0.84,95%CI 0.72~0.98)死亡的相关因素。年龄[3个月(66~75岁:HR 1.54,95%CI 1.08~2.20;≥76岁:HR 2.13,95%CI 1.49~3.04);1年(66~75岁:HR 1.62,95%CI 1.19~2.21;≥76岁:HR 2.43,95%CI 1.78~3.31)],入院格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分[3个月(9~12分:HR 2.36,95%CI 1.66~3.36;3~8分:HR 5.11,95%CI 3.67~7.11);1年(9~12分:HR 2.23,95%CI 1.67~2.97;3~8分:HR 4.41,95%CI 3.36~5.77)],入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分≥15(3个月:HR 1.74,95%CI 1.28~2.38;1年:HR 1.70,95%CI 1.31~2.22),血糖(3个月:HR 1.06,95%CI 1.01~1.10;1年:HR 1.05,95%CI 1.02~1.09),血肿体积[3个月(幕上30~60 ml:HR 1.57,95%CI 1.22~2.02;幕上>60 ml:HR 2.42,95%CI 1.86~3.14;幕下≤10 ml:HR 2.07,95%CI 1.51~2.85;幕下10~20 ml:HR 2.70,95%CI 1.64~4.45;幕下>20 ml:HR 2.40,95%CI 1.41~4.09;1年(幕上30~60 ml:HR 1.55,95%CI 1.24~1.93;幕上>60 ml:HR 2.48,95%CI 1.96~3.14;幕下≤10 ml:HR 1.86,95%CI 1.41~2.46;幕下10~20 ml:HR 2.38,95%CI 1.53~3.72;幕下>20 ml:HR 2.42,95%CI 1.49~3.92)],血肿破入脑室(3个月:HR 1.65,95%CI 1.37~1.99;1年:HR 1.47,95%CI 1.25~1.73),监护室治疗(3个月:HR 1.53,95%CI 1.25~1.87;1年:HR 1.56,95%CI 1.30~1.86),再发卒中(3个月:HR 2.71,95%CI 1.99~3.70;1年:HR 2.62,95%CI 1.98~3.47)及癫痫发作(3个月:HR 1.57,95%CI 1.05~2.35;1年:HR 1.57,95%CI 1.10~2.26)是3个月和1年死亡危险因素。静脉应用脱水药物治疗是3个月(HR 1.86,95%CI 1.04~3.31)死亡危险因素。
结论 加强脑出血患者住院期间的降压治疗,控制血糖,早期诊断并处理癫痫发作及再发卒中,参照脑出血治疗指南规范应用脱水药物,并对其他影响预后的危险因素及时发现及适当干预有望改善中国脑出血患者的长期预后。

关 键 词:脑出血  危险因素  病死率  预后  

Management and Variables Associated with Case Fatality of Intracerebral Haemorrhage in China
WANG Wen-Juan;WANG Chun-Xue;YANG Zhong-Hua;LIU Li-Ping,LU Jing-Jing;WANG An-Xin;ZHAO Xing-Quan.Management and Variables Associated with Case Fatality of Intracerebral Haemorrhage in China[J].Chinese Journal of Stroke,2013,8(9):703-711.
Authors:WANG Wen-Juan;WANG Chun-Xue;YANG Zhong-Hua;LIU Li-Ping  LU Jing-Jing;WANG An-Xin;ZHAO Xing-Quan
Institution:Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Abstract:Objective To systematically analyze the risk factors associated with 3-month,1-year case fatality of intracerebral hemorrhage in China.Methods China National Stroke Registry(CNSR) is a national prospective registry study.A total of 132 hospitals representing 27 provinces,4 municipalities and Hong Kong in China have been selected as the study sites.From September 2007 to August 2008,ICH patients presenting within 14 days after the onset of symptoms were registered in the CNSR.Data on demographics,treatment patterns and outcome of the ICH patients were analyzed.Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the risk factors of 3-month and 1-year case fatality.Results ICH case fatality was 20.0% and 26.1% at 3-month and 1-year,respectively.Antihypertensive therapy in hospital was associated with decreased 3-month(hazard ratio HR] 0.79,95% confidence interval CI] 0.66~0.95) and 1-year(HR 0.84,95%CI 0.72~0.98) case fatality.Age(3-month 66 ~75 years old:HR 1.54,95%CI 1.08~2.20;≥76 years old:HR 2.13,95%CI 1.49~3.04];1-year 66~75 years old:HR 1.62,95%CI 1.19~2.21;≥76 years old:HR 2.43,95%CI 1.78~3.31]),Glasgow Coma Score(GCS) at admission(3-month 9~12:HR 2.36,95%CI 1.66~3.36;3~8:HR 5.11,95%CI 3.67~7.11];1-year 9~12:HR 2.23,95%CI 1.67~2.97;3~8:HR 4.41,95%CI 3.36~5.77]),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) at admission≥15(3-month:HR 1.74,95%CI 1.28~2.38;1-year:HR 1.70,95%CI 1.31~2.22),ser um glucose at admission(3-month:HR 1.06,95%CI 1.01~1.10;1-year:HR 1.05,95%CI 1.02~1.09),hematoma volume(3-month supratentorial 30~60 ml:HR 1.57,95%CI 1.22~2.02;s u p r at e nt or ia l 6 0 m l:H R 2.42,95%CI 1.86 ~3.14;s u bt e nt or ia l ≤10 ml:HR 2.07,95%CI 1.51~2.85;subtentorial 10~20 ml:HR 2.70,95%CI 1.64~4.45;subtentorial20 ml:HR 2.40,95%CI 1.41~4.09];1-year supratentorial 30~60 ml:HR 1.55,95%CI 1.24~1.93;supratentorial60 ml:HR 2.48,95%CI 1.96~3.14;subtentorial≤10 ml:HR 1.86,95%CI 1.41~2.46;subtentorial 10~20 ml:HR 2.38,95%CI 1.53~3.72;subtentorial 20 ml:HR 2.42,95%CI 1.49~3.92]),intraventricular extension of hematoma(3-month:HR 1.65,95%CI 1.37~1.99;1-year:HR 1.47,95%CI 1.25~1.73),intensive care unit care(3-month:HR 1.53,95%CI 1.25~1.87;1-year:HR 1.56,95%CI 1.30~1.86),complications of recurrent stroke(3-month:HR 2.71,95%CI 1.99 ~3.70;1-yea r:H R 2.62,95%CI 1.98 ~3.47) or sei z u re(3-month:H R 1.57,95%CI 1.05~2.35;1-year:HR 1.57,95%CI 1.10~2.26) were associated with increased case fatality of 3-month and 1-year.Intravenous hemodiluting agent use in hospital was associated with high case fatality of 3-month(HR 1.86,95%CI 1.04~3.31) but not that of 1-year.Conclusion Antihypertensive therapy in hospital,glucose control,early identification and treatment of complications of seizure or recurrent stroke and use of hemodiluting agents according to guideline should be emphasized to improve the long-term outcome of ICH in Chinese population.
Keywords:Intracerebral hemorrhage  Risk factor  Case fatality  Outcome
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