2006-2015年芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平及影响因素分析

目的了解芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平,探讨其影响因素。方法搜集2006年、2012年及2015年市属托幼机构学龄前儿童体检资料,将身高体重均值与WHO标准和九市标准进行比较;2015年采用自制儿童一般情况调查表,对21所托幼机构在园儿童进行集体问卷调查以分析生长发育的影响因素。结果 2006-2015年芜湖市男童体重增长0.45~1.21 kg,身高增长2.14~2.79 cm;女童体重增长0.28~1.45 kg,身高增长1.41~3.06 cm,身高体重均值高于WHO标准和中国九市标准;低体重、贫血检出率下降,消瘦检出率上升,生长发育迟缓和肥胖检出率无明显变化;营养不良患病率随年龄的增长而增长,女童患病率高于男童,同时孕期产检次数多、愉快吃饭、保证荤菜摄入是学龄前儿童营养不良的保护因素。结论芜湖市学龄前儿童生长发育水平提高显著,但消瘦和肥胖问题并存。

Analysis on growth and development level and influencing factors of preschool children in Wuhu city from 2006 to 2015

Objective To understand the growth and development level of preschool children in Wuhu city and to explore its influencing factors.Methods The physical examination data of preschool children in 2006,2012 and 2015 were collected,and the average height and weight was compared with WHO standard and nine city standard.The physical examination data of preschool children in municipal kindergartens in 2006,2012 and 2015 were collected,and the average height and weight was compared with WHO standard and nine city standard.In 2015,a collective questionnaire survey of children in 21 kindergartens was conducted with a self-made general situation questionnaire for children in order to analyze the influencing factors of growth and development.Results From 2006 to 2015,the weight of the boy increased by 0.45 kg to 1.21 kg,and the height increased by 2.14 cm to 2.79 cm.The weight of the girl increased by 0.28 kg to 1.45 kg,and the height increased by 1.41 cm to 3.06 cm.The average height and weight is higher than the WHO standard and the nine city standard.The detection rate of low body weight and anemia decreased,while the detection rate of emaciation increased.There was no significant change in the detection rate of growth retardation and obesity.The prevalence rate of malnutrition increases with age,and the prevalence rate of girls is higher than that of boys.The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age,and it was higher in girls than in boys Frequent antenatal examinations examination,happy meals and adequate intake of meat dishes are protective factors.Conclusions The growth and development level of preschool children in Wuhu city improved significantly,but the problem of emaciation and obesity coexisted.