载人航天中微重力环境对认知功能的影响

目前在载人航天的研究中,对于在微重力条件下认知功能变化的研究还较少。本文综述了近年来这方面的一些进展。研究表明,在微重力条件下,空间定向、运动知觉出现障碍,早期物体识别受影响的程度也较大,肌肉运动和协调功能有所减弱。微重力条件对高级认知功能,如逻辑推理、短时记忆提取的速度和准确性等的影响较小,但是一些需要注意参与的认知任务(如跟踪任务、视觉选择反应)和长时记忆任务,在航天环境或模拟失重条件下会受到影响。

Effects of Microgravity on Human Cognitive Function in Space Flight

In researches of space flight, studies on the effects of microgravity on cognitive function were relatively few. This paper reviews recent progress on this topic. It was shown that under the condition of microgravity, spatial orientation, motion perception and early process of object recognition were impaired to a certain degree. Capability of muscle movement and coordination was lowered, while higher cognitive functions, such as logic reasoning task, the speed and accuracy of short-term memory retrieval were less affected by microgravity. But long-term memory tasks and performance in which attention processes were needed (e.g., tracking task, selective response task), were impaired during space flight or under simulated weightlessness condition.