Wnt 信号通路和微生物在结直肠癌中的作用及意义

结直肠癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤之一，发病率在所有恶性肿瘤中排第3位，死亡率排第4位，对人类的健康造成了极大的威胁。近年来，在中国结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势，成为威胁人民健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一。结直肠癌发生和发展的机制非常复杂，涉及到的因素多种多样。例如，饮食、遗传、身体活动水平、环境等。目前具体致病机制还不十分清楚，这为结直肠癌的预防及治疗带来了极大的困难。随着分子生物学和分子遗传学的发展，已经明确 Wnt／β-catenin 信号通路在结直肠癌发生和发展中的重要作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明结直肠癌患者的肠道微生物群落与正常人存在明显不同，暗示了肠道微生物群与结直肠癌的关系。本文以 Wnt 信号通路和微生物为主线，总结它们之间的相互作用及在结直肠癌发生、发展和治疗中的作用。

The roles and significance of the Wnt signaling pathway and microorganisms in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

Colorectal Cancer is one of the most common malignancies in clinic and a great threat to human health .The incidence of the disease is ranked third in all the malignant tumors , while its mor-tality rate is ranked fourth .Recently , the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are rising in China , and it has become one of the leading cancers that threatens human health .The mechanisms of the disease are very complex , and involved in a variety of factors , such as diets , genetics , physical activity levels , and environment factors .The specific pathogenic mechanism is still under exploration , which imposes a great difficulty on the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer .With advances of the molecular biology and the molecular genetics , the importance of Wnt /β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is identified .Increasing evidences have highlighted the significant differences in intestinal microbiota between the colorectal cancer patients and normal populations , which suggests that the intestinal microbiota are associated with colorectal cancer .Along with the main topic of the Wnt signaling pathway and the intestinal microbiota , we summarize their interactions and roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease .