妊娠期营养对妊娠期糖尿病母婴结局的影响

[目的]探讨妊娠期营养对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)母婴结局的影响.[方法]选取在本院2014年1月至2015年10月产检确诊为GDM患者93例,将其随机分为干预组(综合干预:营养指导、有氧运动、适当体育锻炼)和对照组(常规饮食控制),比较两组患者干预前后的空腹血糖(FBG),餐后两小时血糖(2hBG),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的差异及妊娠结局和围产儿不良结局发生率.[结果]在干预后,干预组的FBG、2hBG和HbA1c均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).干预组羊水污染的发生率(12例,25.0%)低于对照组(26例,57.78%),妊娠高血压的发生率(8例,16.67%)低于对照组(17例,37.78%),剖宫产的发生率(17例,35.42%)低于对照组(28例,62.22%),且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组低出生体重儿的发生率(5例,10.42%)低于对照组(13例,28.89%),小于胎龄儿的发生率(6例,12.50%)低于对照组(15例,33.33%),新生儿低血糖的发生率(2例,4.17%)低于对照组(10例,22.22%),新生儿窒息的发生率(4例,8.33%)低于对照组(11例,24.44%),转儿科治疗的发生率(7例,14.58%)低于对照组(16例,35.56%),且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]妊娠期营养综合护理干预能有效的降低妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠不良结局和围产儿不良结局的发生率.

Analysis of the effect of Gestational Nutrition on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of GDM

[Objective]Analysis of the effect of gestational nutrition on maternal and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).[Methods]Ninety-three cases of gestational diabetes mellitus in our hospital(January 2014 to October 2015) were selected,they were randomly divided into intervention group (Comprehensive intervention: nutrition guidance,aerobic exercise,appropriate physical exercise)and control group(Regular diet control),the research object of FBG,P2hBG,HbA1c before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.The difference of incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome and perinatal outcome were compared between the two groups.[Results]After the intervention,intervention group of FBG,P2hBG,HbA1c were lower than the control group,and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).The incidence of amniotic fluid pollution in the intervention group (12 cases,25%) was lower than that of the control group (26 cases,57.78%),the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (8 cases,16.67%) was lower than that of the control group (17 cases,37.78%),the incidence of splits the palace production(17 cases,35.42%) was lower than that of the control group (28 cases,62.22%),and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05);The incidence of low birth weight infants in the intervention group (5 cases,10.42%) was lower than that in the control group (13 cases,28.89%),The incidence of small for gestational age infant (6 cases,12.50%) was lower than that of the control group (15 cases,33.33%),the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia (2 cases,4.17%) was lower than that of the control group (10 cases,22.22%),the incidence of neonatal asphyxia (4 cases,8.33%) was lower than that of the control group (11 cases,24.44%),the incidence of the pediatric treatment (7 cases,14.58%) was lower than that of the control group (16 cases,35.56%),and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05).[Conclusion]Gestational nutrition comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of GDM,adverse pregnancy outcomes and the adverse perinatal outcomes.