呼吸道感染患儿肺炎支原体感染流行特点和临床分析

目的探讨小儿呼吸道感染者肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行特点和临床情况。方法回顾性分析某院2004/2008年呼吸道感染住院患儿2084例采用间接免疫荧光法检测肺炎支原体结果,分析了肺炎支原体的感染率与性别、年龄、季节、部位及与喘息性疾病的关系。结果2084例呼吸道感染患儿中MP阳性患儿共433例（20.78%）,其中男性222例占同性别群体的19.78（222/1122）,女性211例占同性别群体的21.93%（211/962）,男性与女性MP发病率无统计学差异（P＆gt;0.05）。不同年龄组MP发病率分别为：小于3岁组106例占同年龄组的14.95%,3～5岁组163例占同年龄组的25.27%,5～14岁组164例占同年龄组的22.47%,三组之间MP感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,小于3岁组分别与3～5岁组及5～14岁组比较,均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不同季节的MP感染率分别为：1～3月17.99%,4～6月25.01%,7～9月17.73%,10～12月20.47%,不同季节之间的MP感染率统计学有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。上、下呼吸道感染组的MP感染率差异无统计学意义。在下呼吸道感染者中,喘息组MP感染率（26．92％）高于非喘息组（20．19％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论MP是小儿呼吸道感染的常见病原。MP感染与性别和感染部位无关,与年龄和季节有关,大于3岁患儿是易感人群,MP感染可能与喘息性呼吸道感染的发生有关。

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective To illustrate epidemiological and clinical characteristics of myeoplasma pneumoniae （MP） infection in children with actue respiratory tract infection （ARI） in Guangzhou. Methods Status of MP infection was measured by direct immune fluorescent method in 2084 children with ARI. The relationship between the infection rate and sex, age, season, the site of infection and the wheezing disease was analysed respectively. Results A total of 433 cases was positive in 2084 （20. 8%）, including 222 males （19.8%） and 211 females （21.9%）. There were no significant difference between two sexes （P〉0. 05）. In 0-3 year-old group, 106 cases were positive （15.0%）, while in 3-5-year-old group and 5-14-year-old group, 163 （25.2%） and 164 （22. 5%） cases were positive respectively, with significant difference among the three groups （P〈0.05）. Compared to the 0-3-year-old group, the MP positive rates of the other two groups were higher （P〈0. 05 respectively）. The MP positive rate was 18.0% in January to March, 25. 1% in April to June, 17. 7% in July to September, 20. 5% in October to December respectively, with significant difference among seasons （P 〈0. 05）. There was no significant difference in infectious rate between acute upper respiratory tract infection （URI）and lower respiratory tract infection （LRI） （P〉0.05）. The MP positive rate in the wheezing children was higher than the nowheezing children with LRI. Conclusion MP is a common causative agent for ARI in children. The MP positive rate has no relationship with sex and infectious site, but it is related to age and season. Children more than three years old are inclined to be infected. MP may be the pathogen associated with wheezing in LRI.