高龄肝肾联合移植的基础及临床研究(附1例报告)

目的探讨肝肾联合移植的手术技术、围手术期处理、感染及排斥等并发症的防治措施。方法对1例66岁酒精性肝硬化终末期并慢性肾功能不全尿毒症患者施行一期肝肾联合移植。供体器官采用UW液联合原位灌洗、整块切取,肝移植采用原位非转流移植技术,肾移植采用常规方法置于右髂窝。术后免疫抑制剂采用普乐可复、霉酚酸酯、抗胸腺淋巴细胞球蛋白和皮质类固醇激素联合应用,行免疫指标及移植肝、肾多普勒超声监测。结果移植后肝、肾立即发挥作用,术后24 h胆汁380 ml,尿量8 500 ml,第3天肝、肾功化验指标正常,术后第10天移植肝发生急性排斥反应,经调整普乐可复浓度并行甲基强地松龙冲击治疗后控制。术后第29天康复出院。随访1年肝肾功能正常,日常生活自理。结论肝肾联合移植是治疗肝、肾同时衰竭的有效方法,良好的组织配型、娴熟的技术、免疫抑制剂的合理应用、术后并发症的正确处理是成功的关键。

Combined liver-kidney transplantation in a senior patient

Objective To study the surgical techniques, perioperative management, management of infections and graft rejec-tion in patients with combined liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT). Methods CLKT was performed in a 66-year-old patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and uremia. Lavage in situ with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution of the donor organs and en hoc resection was performed. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and routine kidney transplantation were respectively carried out. Immunosuppression therapy consisted of tacrolimus (FK506), antithymocyte globulin (ATG), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept, MMF) and corticosteroid. Results Both of the transplanted organs rapidly recovered normal functions after operation, and acute rejection of the liver graft occurred on day 10 after operation but was controlled after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The patient fully recovered and was discharged from hospital on day 29 after operation. Conclusions CLKT is effective against both liver and renal function failure. Well-matched HLA tissue typing, proficient surgical skills, adequate ap-plication of immunosuppressants and effective management of postoperative complications are crucial for successful CLKT.