老年鼻饲患者营养状况的评价

目的评价老年鼻饲患者营养状况.方法采用膳食调查、人体测量、实验室检查方法,对31例78～99岁的老年鼻饲患者进行营养状况评价.结果调查的患者普遍存在营养不良.产生原因①热能摄入不足,平均每日1339±283kcal;②营养素摄入不均衡,蛋白质摄入基本符合要求,平均每日59.1±13.3g,碳水化物摄入偏低,占总热能的52.5%±8.90%,脂肪摄入偏高,占总热能的30.0%±8.96%;③老年人消化、吸收功能减退,自身合成代谢减少,分解代谢增加;④老年人往往同时患有多种慢性疾病,使鼻饲内容及用量受到限制.结论临床医生和营养人员应根据患者的具体情况进行科学计算,确定每日热能和营养素供给量以及各类食物的合理搭配,并在治疗过程中予以调整.

Nutritional status assessment of aged patients on nasal feeding

Objective To assess nutritional status of aged patients on nasal feeding. Methods The nutritional status of 31 aged patients on nasal feeding were investigated by nutrient content of diet, body measurement and laboratory examinations. Results The malnutrition was generally present in these patients. The causes of malnutrition were as following: 1) insufficient calorie intake, 2) unbalanced nutrients intake, lower carbohydrate, higher fat, 3) decreased anabolism and increased catabolism of aged people, 4) aged patients often had concurrent chronic diseases which restricted sufficient supply of adequate amount of certain nutrient or the volume of homogenized diet for nasal feeding. Conclusions To prevent malnutrition in this group of patients, close cooperation of clinician and dietician is necessary to calculate the daily requirement of the patient and make a balanced homogenized diet. Nutrition education should be given to the family members and those who take care of the patients.