新型脊柱外固定技术减少医源性脊旁肌损伤的动物模型研究

目的　验证新型脊柱外固定技术较开放内固定手术减少医源性脊旁肌损伤的优势。 方法　取山羊10头，随机均分为脊柱外固定手术组和开放内固定手术组制作模型。术后3月处死模型动物，对手术节段腰椎行3.0 T MRI扫描，完整解剖脊旁肌组织行准静态拉伸实验及病理学切片，分析两种手术方式对脊柱脊旁肌的影响。 结果　成功构建山羊动物模型。相较开放内固定手术组，MRI示新型脊柱外固定技术组仅在螺钉周围出现少量的肌肉损伤，准静态拉伸力学实验、组织切片染色（HE染色、Masson染色）均提示新型脊柱外固定技术组肌肉损伤较少，有统计学差异。 结论　新型脊柱外固定技术通过经皮置钉以及外置矫形固定装置改进，可减少内固定装置挤压和干扰引发的脊旁肌损伤。

Animal experimental study of new spinal external fixation surgery on paraspinal muscle injury

Objective　To verify the advantages of spinal external fixation surgery in reducing paraspinal muscle injury.　Methods　Ten goats were randomly divided into a spinal external fixation surgery group and an open internal fixation surgery group. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 3 months after operation. The lumbar vertebrae of the surgical segment were scanned by 3.0T MRI, and the paraspinal muscle tissue was completely dissected for quasi-static tensile test and pathological section. The effects of the two surgical methods on paraspinal muscle were analyzed.　Results　The goat animal model was successfully constructed. MRI showed that compared with the open internal fixation surgery group, there were only a small amount of muscle injury around the screw in the spinal external fixation surgery group. Quasi-static tensile mechanical tests, tissue section staining (HE staining, Masson staining) all suggested that there was less muscle injury in the spinal external fixation surgery group. There are statistical differences. Conclusions　The method of spinal external fixation through percutaneous nail implantation and external orthopedic fixation was verified to reduce the paraspinal muscle injury caused by postoperative internal fixation device compression and interference.