无症状成人颈椎管狭窄年龄相关性参数的研究

目的　研究无症状成人颈椎侧位X线片上椎管狭窄相关参数与年龄的相关性及其变化规律。 方法　选取无颈椎症状成人100例，按初次检查时年龄分为3组：第1组（20~39岁），第2组（40~59岁），第3组（60岁以上），分别在2011年与2017年进行标准颈椎侧位X片检查。测量椎管狭窄参数：椎管矢状径，椎体中矢径，退变椎体矢状径，颈椎管率及有效颈椎管率。分析颈椎管率及有效颈椎管率与年龄之间的相关性，比较各组所有参数两次检查结果的差异。 结果　C3~7节段颈椎管率及有效颈椎管率均与年龄之间存在负相关；各组所有参数前后两次检查结果比较：椎管矢状径仅在组3中C3节段有统计学差异；椎体中矢径仅在组2中C5节段及组3中C6节段有统计学差异；退变椎体矢状径在组1中C5节段、组2中C3~7节段及组3中C4~6节段有统计学差异；颈椎管率在组1中C5节段、组2中C3~5节段及组3中C3~7节段有统计学差异；有效颈椎管率在组1中C5节段、组2及组3中C3~7节段均有统计学差异，其余无统计学差异。 结论　成人颈椎管率及有效颈椎管率与年龄相关，其在60岁以上人群中随年龄增长变化明显；有效颈椎管率判断椎管狭窄的进展更敏感。

Research on age-related parameters of cervical spinal stenosis in asymptomatic adults

Objective　To explore the correlation between age-related changes and parameters of cervical spinal stenosis in asymptomatic adults on lateral cervical spine radiographs.　Methods　One hundred asymptomatic cervical spinal adults were divided into three groups according to the age at the initial examination: group 1 (20~39 years old), group 2 (40~59 years old) and the group 3 (over 60 years old). The standard cervical lateral X-ray was performed in 2011 and 2017 respectively. Parameters of cervical spinal stenosis were measured: sagittal diameter of spinal canal, middle sagittal diameter of vertebral body, sagittal diameter of degenerative vertebral body, cervical spinal canal ratio and effective cervical spinal canal ratio. The correlation between the cervical spinal canal ratio, effective cervical spinal canal ratio and age was analyzed. The differences between the results of two examinations of all parameters in each group were compared.　Results　There was a negative correlation between cervical spinal canal ratio, effective cervical spinal canal ration and age. The comparison of all parameters between two examinations: the sagittal diameter of spinal canal was statistically different only in C3 segment in group 3. There was statistical difference in the sagittal diameter of vertebral body in C5 segment of group 2 and C6 segment of group 3. There was statistical difference in the sagittal diameter of degenerative vertebral body in C5 segment in group 1, C3~C7 segment in group 2 and C4~C6 segment in group 3. There was statistical difference in the cervical spinal canal ratio of C5 segment in group 1, C3~C5 segment in group 2 and C3~C7 segment in group 3. There was statistical difference in the effective cervical spinal canal ratio of C5 segment in group 1, C3~C7 segment in group 2 and 3, meanwhile there was no significant difference in the rest.　Conclusions　Cervical spinal canal ratio and effective cervical spinal canal ratio in adults are related to age, and their changes are obvious with age in people over 60. Effective cervical spinal canal ratio is more sensitive to the progression of cervical spinal stenosis.