内蒙古2021年10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常状况

  目的  了解内蒙古10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常的现状和影响因素，为制定相关措施提供参考。  方法  2021年10—11月采用分层整群随机抽样方法，按地区及学段分层抽取10~14岁中小学生92 094名，开展脊柱弯曲检查和全国学生常见病与健康影响因素问卷调查。  结果  共检出脊柱弯曲异常学生1 957名(2.13%)，其中脊柱侧弯1 768名(90.34%)。不同近视状况，平时对坐姿、站姿是否有自我要求的学生脊柱弯曲异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为23.82，9.84，P值均＜0.05)；Logistic回归分析显示，不同民族、监测点、年龄、经济片区与10~14岁中小学生的脊柱弯曲异常存在相关性；营养状况良好、班级座位左右轮转、根据身高调整座椅高度与10~14岁中小学生的脊柱弯曲异常均呈负相关(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  应从影响因素出发，多种措施并举，降低10~14岁中小学生脊柱弯曲异常发生率。

Abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years in Inner Mongolia in 2021

  Objective  To understand prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years in Inner Mongolia, and to provide reference for relevant measures.  Methods  A total of 92 094 primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and were investigated with questionnaire.  Results  A total of 1 957 participants (2.13%) with abnormal spinal curvature were detected, including 1 768(90.34%) with scoliosis. Significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature were observed among students with different myopia status and posture of sitting and standing (χ2=23.82, 9.84, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that different ethnic groups, monitoring points, age and area were main factors for risk of spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students aged 10-14 years; good nutritional status, left-right rotation of class seats, seat height adjustment according to height were associated with lower rate of spinal curvature abnormalities (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Various measures should be taken simultaneously to reduce the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and middle school students aged 10-14 years.