学生营养改善计划国家试点地区2019年家庭分担餐费情况

  目的  分析“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”国家试点地区的学生家长分担餐费情况及其影响因素，为推动“营养改善计划”合理实施、促进学生健康成长提供科学数据。  方法  在实施“营养改善计划”的中国22个省726个国家试点县，分别按照食堂供餐、企业供餐和其他供餐3种供餐方式，抽取8 109所小学和初中作为调查对象纳入分析。通过问卷调查收集县、学校基本情况和家长分担餐费状况等信息。采用多因素Logistic回归分析家长分担餐费的相关因素。  结果  2019年营养改善计划国家试点县，家长分担餐费的学校占全部监测学校的30.2%。在中、西部地区，家长分担餐费的学校比例分别为51.5%，20.3%；在家长分担餐费的学校中，无论是小学还是初中，中、西部学校的学生家长分担餐费的金额差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为181.78，89.54，P值均＜0.01)，中部小学生家长分担餐费≥2元的比例为38.7%，西部为47.5%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，中部地区，学段为初中或九年一贯制，供餐模式为食堂供餐或其他供餐，学校规模为大型，营养膳食补助用于午餐，中、高家庭收入水平，中、低监测县投入水平，监测县有其他营养公益项目，监测县工作经费不足的学校家长分担餐费的比例更高(OR值分别为3.22，1.51，1.36，1.74，3.74，1.38，11.58，2.40，3.15，1.50，2.12，3.36，1.34，P值均＜0.05)。  结论  营养改善计划地区学校学生家长分担餐费比例较低，可能受经济水平、供餐模式、学校规模等多种因素影响。

Families sharing meal expenses in the national pilot areas of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019

  Objective  To analyze the status of parents sharing meal expenses in the national pilot areas of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) and its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific data for promoting the proper implementation of the NIPRCES and the healthy development of students.  Methods  In the 726 national pilot counties in 22 provinces where the NIPRCES was implemented, 8 109 primary and junior high schools were selected as the survey objects and included in the analysis according to the three feeding methods of canteen feeding, enterprise feeding and mixed feeding. Data such as the basic information of the schools and counties, and the status of parents sharing meal expenses were collected through questionnaires. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of parents sharing meal expenses.  Results  In the national pilot areas of the NIPRCES, schools where parents shared meal costs accounted for 30.2% of all monitored schools in 2019. In central and western areas, the proportion of schools where parents shared meal costs were 51.5% and 20.3%, respectively. In schools where parents shared meal costs, no matter in primary school or junior high school, the difference in the amount of meal expenses shared by parents of students in middle and western schools was statistically significant (χ2=181.78, 89.54, P < 0.01). Among 38.7% of the parents of primary school students in the central region shared meal expenses of ≥2 yuan, and 47.5% of the parents of primary school students in the western region. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the parents of schools in the central region, junior high schools or nine-year system schools, canteen feeding or other feeding, large school size, the nutritious meal subsidy used for lunch, middle and high family income level, medium and low input level of the monitoring counties, monitoring counties with other nutrition public welfare projects and insufficient working funds share a higher proportion of meal expenses (OR=3.22, 1.51, 1.36, 1.74, 3.74, 1.38, 11.58, 2.40, 3.15, 1.50, 2.12, 3.36, 1.34, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The proportion of meals shared by parents of school students in the NIPRCES implementation area was relatively low, which may be affected by factors such as economic level, feeding mode, school scale, etc.