苏州市2018—2021年中小学生用眼相关行为变化趋势

  目的   了解2018—2021年苏州市中小学生用眼行为变化趋势，为该群体近视综合防控提供参考。  方法   采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2018—2021年每年9—11月以苏州市四至十二年级学生为调查对象，问卷收集学生一般资料、用眼行为、户外活动及睡眠状况等，比较学生用眼行为的变化趋势。  结果   2018—2021年，平均每天看电视≥1 h、用电脑≥1 h学生检出率降低(χ_趋势2值分别为192.25，95.39，P值均＜0.05)，2021年平均每天看电视≥1 h、用电脑≥1 h的男生比例分别为26.4%，19.2%，女生为21.1%，12.8%。2018—2021年每天用移动电子设备≥1 h的学生比例降低(χ_趋势2=314.85，P＜0.05)，2021年男生低于女生，分别为29.2%，30.3%，且除职高外其他学段均有下降。平均每天放学后读写时间≥2 h的学生比例除职高外均下降，2021年小学、初中、高中、职高分别为22.1%，47.7%，65.1%和11.6%。天黑后看书使用台灯和屋顶灯、看电脑屏幕及看电视保持安全距离、近距离用眼＜1 h休息一次等良好用眼习惯比例增加(χ_趋势2值分别为34.19，62.21，47.25，457.50，P值均＜0.05)，2021年分别达72.2%，72.3%，78.6%和67.8%。每天户外活动≥2 h比例增加(2018年为27.1%，2021年为30.7%，χ_趋势2=5.17，P＜0.05)，小学提升明显，其他学段无明显变化；男生高于女生。睡眠不足情况无明显改善，女生睡眠不足比例高于男生，高中生高于初中生和小学生。  结论   2018—2021年中小学生用眼行为有所改善，但睡眠不足、户外活动较少等问题仍存在，应进一步加强学生健康教育，改善用眼行为。

Trends of eye-use-related behaviors of primary and middle school students in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021

  Objective   To understand the trend of eye use behavior of students in Suzhou, and to provide basis for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia.  Methods   Stratified cluster random sampling was used to recruit students from grades 4 to 12 in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021. The students' general information, eye use behavior, outdoor activities and sleep status were collected through a standardized questionnaire to compare eye use behaviors of students among various groups.  Results   The detection rates of students who watched TV or used computer more than 1 h/d decreased from 2018 to 2021(χ_trend2=192.25, 95.39, P < 0.05), and boys who spend more than 1 h/d on watching TV and using computer accounted for 26.4% and 19.2%, and girls accounted for 21.1% and 12.8%, respectively in 2021. The proportion of students' watching mobile electronic devices≥1 h/d decreased (χ_trend2=314.85, P < 0.05), and the boys' proportion was less than girls with 29.2% and 30.3% respectively, and each grade declined except for vocational high schools. The proportion of students with average reading and writing time after school above 2 h/d had decreased except for vocational school students. In 2021, the proportions of four school periods(primary school, middle school, high school and vocational school) were 22.1%, 47.7%, 65.1% and 11.6% respectively. The proportions of students with good eye habits such as reading with desk lamp and roof lamp, watching computer screen and TV with a safe distance, using eyes at close range for less than 1 h/d and taking a rest had increased (χ_trend2=34.19, 62.21, 47.25, 457.50, P < 0.05), reaching up to 72.2%, 72.3%, 78.6% and 67.8% respectively in 2021. The proportion of students spending more than 2 h/d on outdoor activities increased (27.1% in 2018 and 30.7% in 2021, χ_trend2=5.17, P < 0.05), but only in primary school students, and the rates of boys were higher than girls'. There was no improvement in sleep deprivation. The girls who were lack of sleep girls were more than boys, and the proportion of senior high school was higher than that of junior middle school and primary school.  Conclusion   The eye use behaviors of primary and middle school students have improved significantly from 2018 to 2021. However, the problems including insufficient sleep and less outdoor activities still exist. Health education in students aiming at eye use behavior improvement should be strengthened.