外环境中布雷图指数和诱蚊诱卵器指数的差异研究

目的 对外环境布雷图指数法和诱蚊诱卵器法的平行对照研究,比较布雷图指数和诱蚊诱卵器指数的差异,以便明确自然积水对诱蚊诱卵器法监测的影响,为蚊虫及蚊媒传染病防控提供科学依据。方法 2020年5—10月期间每月中旬在上海市静安区各街道（镇）居民区外环境中采用布雷图指数法和诱蚊诱卵器法开展相同区域内的平行对照研究,比较不同监测环境中两监测方法的差异。结果 不同月份中,诱蚊诱卵器指数最高为8月6.86,其次为7月6.74;布雷图指数最高为8月16.24,其次为7月14.56。两监测方法在时间趋势上高度相关（r=0.965,P<0.05）,诱蚊诱卵器指数各月均低于布雷图指数,指数月间分布趋于平缓。诱蚊诱卵器指数老旧公房为5.73,商品房为4.91,差异有统计学意义（Z=12.530,P<0.05）;布雷图指数老旧公房为13.58,商品房为7.14,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.013,P<0.05）。老旧公房布雷图指数和诱蚊诱卵器指数均高于商品房,老旧公房的布雷图指数为13.58,高于同一地区的诱蚊诱卵器指数5.73,差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.608,P<0.05）。两类型居民区积水构成相近,两类型居民区最多的积水种类依次为盆景、水生植物、闲置容器和储水容器,数量上老旧公房自然积水平均66.43处/居民区,商品房平均49.27处/居民区,随自然积水数量增加,布雷图指数上升。结论 布雷图指数和诱蚊诱卵器指数有较高的一致性,诱蚊诱卵器指数相较于布雷图指数更趋于平缓,不同类型居民区中环境积水数是影响诱蚊诱卵器指数的主要因素,在自然积水较多的环境中,布雷图指数法相较于诱蚊诱卵器指数敏感性更高。

Differences between Breteau index and ovitrap index in external environment

Objective To explore the influence of ponding in the monitoring environment on the index of mosquito ovitrap, and improve the monitoring method. Methods From May to October 2020, a parallel control study was carried out in the outer environment of residential areas in each subdistrict (town) of Jing'an District, Shanghai by using Bretu index method and mosquito ovitrap method, and the differences of the two monitoring methods in different monitoring environments were compared. Results In different months, the highest mosquito ovitrap index was 6.86 in August, followed by 6.74 in July, the highest Bretu index was 16.24 in August, followed by 14.56 in July. The two monitoring methods were highly correlated in time trend (r=0.965, P<0.05). The mosquito ovitrap index was lower than Bretu index in each month, and the distribution of the index tended to be flat. In the application of the two methods in different types of residential areas, the index of mosquito ovitrap was 5.73 for old public houses and 4.91 for commercial houses (Z=12.530, P<0.05); The Bretu index of old public houses was 13.58 and that of commercial houses was 7.14 (Z=-4.013, P<0.05); In the same residential area, the Bretu index of old public houses was 13.58, which was significantly higher than the mosquito ovitrap index of 5.73 (Z=-3.608, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in commercial houses (Z=-0.593, P=0.553); The composition of pondings in the two different types of residential areas was similar. The most ponding types in the two types of residential areas were bonsai, aquatic plants, idle containers and water storage containers. In terms of quantity, the average number of natural ponding in old public houses was 66.43 per residential area and the average number of commercial houses was 49.27 per residential area. With the increase of the number of natural ponding, the Bretu index increased significantly (χ²=75.711, P<0.05), There was no significant difference in ovitrap index (χ²=0.777, P=0.184). Conclusions There is a high consistency between the Bretu index and the mosquito ovitrap index. The mosquito ovitrap index tends to be more gentle than the Bretu index. The number of environmental ponding in different types of residential areas is the main factor affecting the mosquito ovitrap index. In the environment with more natural ponding, the Bretu index method is more sensitive than the mosquito ovitrap index.