大学生中医体质与心血管健康行为的相关性

  目的  分析大学生中医体质与心血管健康行为的相关性，为针对大学生群体开展体质管理与心血管疾病的一级预防提供参考。  方法  2021年8—11月，采用整群随机抽样法选取辽宁省3所高校(辽宁中医药大学、沈阳大学、辽东学院)的1 621名大学生为调查对象，应用中医体质分类判定量表及美国心脏病协会提出的心血管健康行为指标为标准进行问卷调查，分析大学生中医体质与心血管健康行为的相关性。  结果  吸烟处于差的状态比例在男生(20.7%)、艺体类学生(27.3%)中偏高(χ2值分别为184.99，79.43，P值均 < 0.05)；体质量指数(BMI)处于差的状态在男生(4.7%)、医学类学生(3.6%)中偏高(χ2值分别为64.11，15.38，P值均 < 0.05)；体育锻炼处于差的状态在女生(39.6%)、医学专业(45.2%)、有心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)家族史学生(33.4%)中偏高(χ2值分别为145.40，189.91，15.89，P值均 < 0.05)；健康膳食处于差的状态在医学专业、无CVD家族史学生中(45.8%，43.1%)偏高(χ2值分别为33.13，15.57，P值均 < 0.05)；不同性别、专业、CVD家族史大学生中医体质差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为101.22，82.38，90.42，P值均 < 0.01)。健康膳食(理想)、体育锻炼(理想、一般)与气虚质呈负相关(OR值分别为0.48，0.19，0.63)，体育锻炼(理想、一般)与阳虚质呈负相关(OR值分别为0.43，0.68)，BMI(理想)、体育锻炼(理想)与痰湿质呈负相关(OR值分别为0.21，0.37)，体育锻炼(理想)与湿热质、血瘀质呈负相关(OR值分别为0.34，0.20)，体育锻炼(理想、一般)与气郁质呈负相关(OR值分别为0.34，0.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  中医体质与心血管健康行为具有相关性，且心血管健康行为各指标对不同中医体质具有不同程度的影响。可根据不同偏颇体质采取个体化的心血管干预措施。

Correlation analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine physical fitness and cardiovascular health behaviors among college students

  Objective  To analyze the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) physical fitness and cardiovascular health behaviors among college students and to provide a reference for physical fitness management and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases for college population.  Methods  From August to November 2021, 1 621 college students from three universities in Liaoning Province were selected by clustering random sampling method, and questionnaire survey was conducted using the TCM Physical Fitness Determination Scale and the cardiovascular health behavior index proposed by the American Heart Association to analyze the correlation between TCM physical fitness and cardiovascular health behavior among college students.  Results  Cigarette smoking was higher among male students (20.7%) and students majoring arts and sports(27.3%)(χ2=184.99, 79.43, P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) was higher among male students (4.7%) and students majoring medicine(3.6%)(χ2=64.11, 15.38, P < 0.05). Physical inactivity was more common among female students(39.6%), medical majors(45.2%), and students with a family history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)(33.4%)(χ2=145.40, 189.91, 15.89, P < 0.05). Unhealthy diet was more common among students with medical majors and no family history of CVD(45.8%, 43.1%)(χ2=33.13, 15.57, P < 0.05). Significant differences in TCM body composition were found among college students by gender, major, and family history of CVD(χ2=101.22, 82.38, 90.42, P < 0.01). Healthy diet (ideal) and physical exercise (ideal, average) were negatively associated with Qi deficiency (OR=0.48, 0.19, 0.63), physical exercise (ideal, average) was negatively associated with Yang deficiency(OR=0.43, 0.68), BMI (ideal) and physical exercise (ideal) were negatively associated with Phlegm-dampness(OR=0.21, 0.37), physical exercise (ideal) was negatively correlated with Damp-heat and Blood-stasis qualities (OR=0.34, 0.20), and physical exercise (ideal, general) was negatively correlated with Qi-yu qualities(OR=0.34, 0.51)(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  TCM physical fitness is associated with cardiovascular health behavior, with varying effects of each indicator of cardiovascular health behavior on TCM physical fitness. Personalized cardiovascular interventions should be taken according to differential constitutions to provide reference for constitution regulation and cardiovascular disease prevention.